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Grand Mosque of Tarsus (289 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Tarsus Grand Mosque (Turkish: Tarsus Ulu Cami) is a mosque in Tarsus, Mersin Province, Turkey. The mosque is at the center of Tarsus in Camii Nur neighbourhood

qabāʾ in the mid-9th century. It was black, the official colour of the Abbasid dynasty, and was closed in the front by buttons. Its use as court dress for

Jannat al-Mu'alla (Arabic: جَنَّة ٱلْمُعَلَّاة, romanized: Jannah al-Muʿallāh, lit. 'The Most Exalted Paradise'), also known as the "Cemetery of Ma'la"

The Imam Reza shrine (Persian: حرم امام رضا, romanized: Haram-e Emâm Rezâ, lit. 'Sanctuary of Imam Reza'), located in Mashhad, Iran, is an Islamic shrine

Islamic prophet Muhammad through the Hasani branch. He was killed by Abbasid dynasty and he is buried in Karachi, Pakistan. He is famous as a Sufi saint

Samarra is a city in central Iraq, which served as the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate from 836 to 892. Founded by the caliph al-Mu'tasim, Samarra was

helped by the rapid rise of his son, Yahya. Khalid's ties to the Abbasid dynasty were soon strengthened when his grandson, al-Fadl ibn Yahya, became

Al-Rashid Mausoleum (Persian: آرامگاه الراشدبالله) or Imamzadeh Husayn (امامزاده حسین)is a historical mausoleum in Isfahan, Iran. It dates back to the

The Tahirid Palace (Dār Ibn Ṭāhir) or Tahirid Precinct/Sanctuary (al-Ḥarīm al-Ṭāhirī) was an Abbasid-era palace in Baghdad The palace was constructed on

mark the end of Alid unrest, but it consolidated the power of the Abbasid dynasty. Following the death of Muhammad in 632, a strong body of opinion within

trace themselves back to Idris I, who led a Shiite revolt against the Abbasid dynasty. Among practitioners of Sufism, he was sometimes referred to as "the

حاتم المهلبي) (died 820 or 821) was a provincial governor for the Abbasid dynasty in the late eighth and early ninth centuries. A member of the prominent

stories of an official transfer of the caliphal office from the Mamluk Abbasid dynasty to the Ottomans were a later invention. Born in Amasya on 10 October

was a disciple of the renowned Sheikh Rukn-e-Alam. The demise of the Abbasid dynasty in Baghdad in 1258 AD triggered a mass exodus of Islamic scholars and

his honorific of Nasir al-Dawla (ناصر الدولة, lit. 'Defender of the [Abbasid] Dynasty'), was the second Hamdanid ruler of the Emirate of Mosul, encompassing

Rashidun caliphate 641–661 Umayyad caliphate 661–750 Abbasid dynasty 750–935 Tulunid dynasty 868–905 Ikhshidid dynasty 935–969 Fatimid dynasty 969–1171

scholars", who trace it not to divine revelation but to enemies of the Abbasid dynasty and their various hopes that some "member of the Sufyinid branch of

have unique buildings. In addition, every civilization except the Abbasid Dynasty has six Landmarks (two each in Dark, Feudal, and Castle Ages). Building

812) was an Abbasid governor of al-Ahwaz (southeastern Iraq) for the Abbasid dynasty during the caliphate of al-Amin. He was killed in the course of the

have unique buildings. In addition, every civilization except the Abbasid Dynasty has six Landmarks (two each in Dark, Feudal, and Castle Ages). Building

Al-Wathiq II Mamluk Abbasid dynasty Born:  ? Died: 1386 Sunni Islam titles Preceded by Al-Mutawakkil I Caliph of Cairo 1383–1386 Succeeded by Al-Musta'sim

Al-Mutawakkil III Mamluk Abbasid dynasty Born:  ? Died: 1543 Sunni Islam titles Preceded by Al-Mustamsik Caliph of Cairo 1508–1516 Succeeded by Al-Mustamsik

Al-Mustamsik Mamluk Abbasid dynasty Born: 1470s Died: 1521 Sunni Islam titles Preceded by Al-Mutawakkil II Caliph of Cairo 1497–1508 Succeeded by Al-Mutawakkil

the rule of the Abbasid dynasty uprisings, but were eventually suppressed by the authorities. In the later period of the Abbasid Dynasty, the warlords were

Al-Mu'tadid I Mamluk Abbasid dynasty Born:  ? Died: 1362 Sunni Islam titles Preceded by Al-Hakim II Caliph of Cairo 1352–1362 Succeeded by Al-Mutawakkil

Al-Hakim II Mamluk Abbasid dynasty Born:  ? Died: 1352 Sunni Islam titles Preceded by Al-Wathiq I Caliph of Cairo 1341–1352 Succeeded by Al-Mu'tadid I

Al-Mustakfi II Mamluk Abbasid dynasty Born:  ? Died: 1451 Sunni Islam titles Preceded by Al-Mu'tadid II Caliph of Cairo 1441–1451 Succeeded by Al-Qa'im

Al-Wathiq I Mamluk Abbasid dynasty Born:  ? Died: 1341 Sunni Islam titles Preceded by Al-Mustakfi I Caliph of Cairo 1340–1341 Succeeded by Al-Hakim II

Rashidun caliphate 641–661 Umayyad caliphate 661–750 Abbasid dynasty 750–935 Tulunid dynasty 868–905 Ikhshidid dynasty 935–969 Fatimid dynasty 969–1171

Al-Mutawakkil II Mamluk Abbasid dynasty Born: 1416 Died: 1497 Sunni Islam titles Preceded by Al-Mustanjid Caliph of Cairo 1479–1497 Succeeded by Al-Mustamsik

Al-Musta'sim (Cairo) Mamluk Abbasid dynasty Born:  ? Died: 1389 Sunni Islam titles Preceded by Al-Mutawakkil I Caliph of Cairo 1377 Succeeded by Al-Mutawakkil

shops, Bank ATM 95% of the population belongs to Abbasid family. The Abbasid dynasty descended from Muhammad's uncle, Al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib. The

Caliph al-Mamun (r. 813–833) of the Abbasid dynasty

directly to the flourishing of scholarship in the Arab world. In 750, the Abbasid dynasty replaced the Umayyad as the ruling dynasty of the Islamic Empire, and

Rashidun caliphate 641–661 Umayyad caliphate 661–750 Abbasid dynasty 750–935 Tulunid dynasty 868–905 Ikhshidid dynasty 935–969 Fatimid dynasty 969–1171

defeats the Alids, and puts an end to their rebellion. The power of the Abbasid dynasty is consolidated. February 17 – An Lushan Rebellion: Emperor Shi Chaoyi

Al-Mutawakkil I Mamluk Abbasid dynasty Born:  ? Died: 1406 Sunni Islam titles Preceded by Al-Mu'tadid I Caliph of Cairo 1362–1377 Succeeded by Al-Musta'sim

for various groups, such as merchants and officers. The peak of the Abbasid dynasty occurred during the reign of Harun al Rashid (r. 786-809), along with

Al-Mustanjid Mamluk Abbasid dynasty Born:  ? Died: 1479 Sunni Islam titles Preceded by Al-Qa'im Caliph of Cairo 1455–1479 Succeeded by Al-Mutawakkil II

Al-Qa'im Mamluk Abbasid dynasty Born:  ? Died: 1455 Sunni Islam titles Preceded by Al-Mustakfi II Caliph of Cairo 1451–1455 Succeeded by Al-Mustanjid

Sulayman ibn Ali al-Hashimi, Abd al-Rahim was a minor member of the Abbasid dynasty, being a second nephew of the caliphs al-Saffah (r. 750–754) and al-Mansur

Rashidun caliphate 641–661 Umayyad caliphate 661–750 Abbasid dynasty 750–935 Tulunid dynasty 868–905 Ikhshidid dynasty 935–969 Fatimid dynasty 969–1171

Rashidun caliphate 641–661 Umayyad caliphate 661–750 Abbasid dynasty 750–935 Tulunid dynasty 868–905 Ikhshidid dynasty 935–969 Fatimid dynasty 969–1171

which brought the Abbasids to power, originated in Khurasan, and the Abbasid dynasty relied heavily on Khurasanis as military leaders and administrators

Rashidun caliphate 641–661 Umayyad caliphate 661–750 Abbasid dynasty 750–935 Tulunid dynasty 868–905 Ikhshidid dynasty 935–969 Fatimid dynasty 969–1171

Al-Musta'in Mamluk Abbasid dynasty Born: c. 1390 Died: 1430 Sunni Islam titles Preceded by Al-Mutawakkil I Caliph of Cairo 22 January 1406 – 9 March 1414

in control of the caliphate since the death of Muhammad until the Abbasid dynasty took over in the 750s. Cordoba became the capital and cultural center

about 383 in the Hijri calendar. Sayyed Razi wrote the book when the Abbasid Dynasty was in decline. In the book's introduction he mentions his motive for

in the investiture of Mamluk sultans and caliphs of the restored Abbasid dynasty where the ruler was «girded» with the «Bedouin sword» saif badawi.

shift in the Caliphate, as the Umayyad dynasty was supplanted by the Abbasid dynasty. The policy of the Abbasid Caliphs was more peaceful than that of the

Khurshid's daughters were distributed as concubines to members of the Abbasid dynasty. The names and genealogy of these princesses are confused, but one

most Kaysanite Shia had either transferred their allegiance to the Abbasid dynasty (in the case of the Hashimiyya), or had converted to other branches

Rashidun caliphate 641–661 Umayyad caliphate 661–750 Abbasid dynasty 750–935 Tulunid dynasty 868–905 Ikhshidid dynasty 935–969 Fatimid dynasty 969–1171

Rashidun caliphate 641–661 Umayyad caliphate 661–750 Abbasid dynasty 750–935 Tulunid dynasty 868–905 Ikhshidid dynasty 935–969 Fatimid dynasty 969–1171

said by Shahid Awwal in The book of Arba'in as follow: the Vizier of Abbasid dynasty namely Muhammad ibn al-Husayn became sick. he saw in his dreams Imam

in the Muslim sources has been attributed to the hostility of the Abbasid dynasty, during whose rule the histories were written, toward the Umayyads

each of the four gardens and connect to a central pool. Under the Abbasid dynasty (8th century AD), this type of garden became an integral part of representational

Rashidun caliphate 641–661 Umayyad caliphate 661–750 Abbasid dynasty 750–935 Tulunid dynasty 868–905 Ikhshidid dynasty 935–969 Fatimid dynasty 969–1171

Rashidun caliphate 641–661 Umayyad caliphate 661–750 Abbasid dynasty 750–935 Tulunid dynasty 868–905 Ikhshidid dynasty 935–969 Fatimid dynasty 969–1171

Rashidun caliphate 641–661 Umayyad caliphate 661–750 Abbasid dynasty 750–935 Tulunid dynasty 868–905 Ikhshidid dynasty 935–969 Fatimid dynasty 969–1171

Rashidun caliphate 641–661 Umayyad caliphate 661–750 Abbasid dynasty 750–935 Tulunid dynasty 868–905 Ikhshidid dynasty 935–969 Fatimid dynasty 969–1171

Isma'il ibn Salih Succeeded by Al-Layth ibn al-Fadl Personal details Relations Abbasid dynasty Parent Isa ibn Musa (father) Relatives Musa (brother)

founding in 641, its authority was uninterrupted until 750, when the Abbasid dynasty staged a revolt against the Umayyads. This conflict was focused not

Imam Mohammad ibn Ali Abbasi, the father of the first two caliphs of Abbasid Dynasty, al-Saffah and al-Mansur This disambiguation page lists articles associated

Rashidun caliphate 641–661 Umayyad caliphate 661–750 Abbasid dynasty 750–935 Tulunid dynasty 868–905 Ikhshidid dynasty 935–969 Fatimid dynasty 969–1171

Rashidun caliphate 641–661 Umayyad caliphate 661–750 Abbasid dynasty 750–935 Tulunid dynasty 868–905 Ikhshidid dynasty 935–969 Fatimid dynasty 969–1171

supported by over 850 columns. Arab-plan mosques continued under the Abbasid dynasty. The Ottomans introduced 'central dome' mosques in the 15th century

the Hujariyya, destroying the last body of troops still loyal to the Abbasid dynasty. Ibn Ra'iq's authority was soon weakened, however, when he fell out

Rashidun caliphate 641–661 Umayyad caliphate 661–750 Abbasid dynasty 750–935 Tulunid dynasty 868–905 Ikhshidid dynasty 935–969 Fatimid dynasty 969–1171

Abbasid personage and governor of the Yemen. A minor member of the Abbasid dynasty, being a second cousin of the caliphs al-Hadi (r. 785–786) and Harun

Family tree of the Abbasid dynasty in the middle and late 9th century

Rashidun caliphate 641–661 Umayyad caliphate 661–750 Abbasid dynasty 750–935 Tulunid dynasty 868–905 Ikhshidid dynasty 935–969 Fatimid dynasty 969–1171

four short reigns of Caliphs between 743 and 750, after which the Abbasid dynasty came to power and moved the capital from Damascus, near the palace

the Armenians". He received recognition by Caliph Al-Mu'tamid of the Abbasid dynasty in 885 and Byzantine Emperor Basil I of the Macedonian dynasty in 886

spotlight in February 748 when Abu Muslim (d. 750) declared a new Abbasid dynasty at Merv, and set out from the city to conquer Iran and Iraq and establish

from the inscription from the grave's headstone, during the rule of Abbasid dynasty over the Arabian peninsula. Due to the persecution of the descendants

office 798 – c. 802 Monarch Harun al-Rashīd Personal details Relations Abbasid dynasty Parent Salih ibn Ali (father) Relatives Al-Fadl ibn Salih (brother)

Rashidun caliphate 641–661 Umayyad caliphate 661–750 Abbasid dynasty 750–935 Tulunid dynasty 868–905 Ikhshidid dynasty 935–969 Fatimid dynasty 969–1171

province of the Ottoman Empire. It also marked the end of the Mamluk Abbasid dynasty, as the Ottomans captured the current Caliph Al-Mutawakkil III, and

Rashidun caliphate 641–661 Umayyad caliphate 661–750 Abbasid dynasty 750–935 Tulunid dynasty 868–905 Ikhshidid dynasty 935–969 Fatimid dynasty 969–1171

the most refined and sensitive of all Persian pottery". During the Abbasid dynasty pottery production gained momentum, largely using tin glazes mostly

Rashidun caliphate 641–661 Umayyad caliphate 661–750 Abbasid dynasty 750–935 Tulunid dynasty 868–905 Ikhshidid dynasty 935–969 Fatimid dynasty 969–1171

the Ottoman Empire c. 1299 – 19 November 1922 Vacant Monarchy and Caliphate abolished Preceded by ‘Abbāsid dynasty Caliphate dynasty 1517–3 March 1924

this period may be the Battle of Talas, when Muslim armies of the Abbasid dynasty defeated a Tang army under the Korean commander, Kao Sien-Chih, in

image of early Basmala Kufic); (2) and (3) 9th–10th century under Abbasid dynasty, Abu al-Aswad's system established red dots with each arrangement or

Rashidun caliphate 641–661 Umayyad caliphate 661–750 Abbasid dynasty 750–935 Tulunid dynasty 868–905 Ikhshidid dynasty 935–969 Fatimid dynasty 969–1171

(September, 799), during the caliphate of Harun al-Rashid, one of the Abbasid dynasty. Ali al-Ridha succeeded to his father's property but not fully to his

Prince Khusrau Mirza Ibn Banu, nominal governor of al-Bahrain for the Abbasid dynasty, serving there in 903 Jahanzeb Banu Begum (died 1705), Mughal princess

The Abbasid Dynasty". Religion Facts. Archived from the original on 7 September 2015. Retrieved 30 April 2011. Hooker, Richard (1996). "The Abbasid Dynasty"

al-Fadl Succeeded by Abdallah ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Zaynabi Personal details Relations Abbasid dynasty Parent Isma'il ibn Ali al-Hashimi (father)

Rashidun caliphate 641–661 Umayyad caliphate 661–750 Abbasid dynasty 750–935 Tulunid dynasty 868–905 Ikhshidid dynasty 935–969 Fatimid dynasty 969–1171

or diacritic marks; (2) and (3) in the 9th–10th century during the Abbasid dynasty, Abu al-Aswad's system used red dots with each arrangement or position

Rashidun caliphate 641–661 Umayyad caliphate 661–750 Abbasid dynasty 750–935 Tulunid dynasty 868–905 Ikhshidid dynasty 935–969 Fatimid dynasty 969–1171

Rashidun caliphate 641–661 Umayyad caliphate 661–750 Abbasid dynasty 750–935 Tulunid dynasty 868–905 Ikhshidid dynasty 935–969 Fatimid dynasty 969–1171

October 28, 2021, with eight civilizations available at launch: the Abbasid Dynasty, the Chinese, the Delhi Sultanate, the English, the French, the Holy

Rashidun caliphate 641–661 Umayyad caliphate 661–750 Abbasid dynasty 750–935 Tulunid dynasty 868–905 Ikhshidid dynasty 935–969 Fatimid dynasty 969–1171

Rashidun caliphate 641–661 Umayyad caliphate 661–750 Abbasid dynasty 750–935 Tulunid dynasty 868–905 Ikhshidid dynasty 935–969 Fatimid dynasty 969–1171

Rashidun caliphate 641–661 Umayyad caliphate 661–750 Abbasid dynasty 750–935 Tulunid dynasty 868–905 Ikhshidid dynasty 935–969 Fatimid dynasty 969–1171

defeats the Alids, and puts an end to their rebellion. The power of the Abbasid dynasty is consolidated. February 17 – An Lushan Rebellion: Emperor Shi Chaoyi

Rashidun caliphate 641–661 Umayyad caliphate 661–750 Abbasid dynasty 750–935 Tulunid dynasty 868–905 Ikhshidid dynasty 935–969 Fatimid dynasty 969–1171

pre-Islamic times.[citation needed] However, following the fall of the Abbasid dynasty, the flow of Arab immigrants into Persia gradually diminished, but

Rashidun caliphate 641–661 Umayyad caliphate 661–750 Abbasid dynasty 750–935 Tulunid dynasty 868–905 Ikhshidid dynasty 935–969 Fatimid dynasty 969–1171

called Baghdad, was selected by al-Manṣūr, the second caliph of the Abbāsid dynasty, for his capital. Everett-Heath, John (24 October 2019). The Concise

Rashidun caliphate 641–661 Umayyad caliphate 661–750 Abbasid dynasty 750–935 Tulunid dynasty 868–905 Ikhshidid dynasty 935–969 Fatimid dynasty 969–1171

the first recipient of the black banners which came to symbolise the Abbasid dynasty. When the Abbasid Revolution broke out in June 747, he was named as

rallied and overthrew the Umayyads, inaugurating the more cosmopolitan Abbasid dynasty in 750. Al-Shafi'i codified a method to determine the reliability of

whose fleet controlled the Gulf, during the time when trade with the Abbasid Dynasty, the Far East, and Africa flourished. The authority of the Imams started

spotlight in February 748 when Abu Muslim (d. 750) declared a new Abbasid dynasty at Merv, and set out from the city to conquer Iran and Iraq and establish

towards hadiths, the questioning of their authority continued during the Abbasid dynasty and existed during the time of al-Shafi'i, when a group known as ahl

no dots or diacritic marks;(2) and (3) 9th–10th century under the Abbasid dynasty, Abu al-Aswad's system established red dots with each arrangement or

Caliph al-Mamun (r. 813–833) of the Abbasid dynasty

were several interconnected traditions of art in ancient Iraq. The Abbasid Dynasty developed in the Abbasid Caliphate between 750 and 945, primarily in

the Seljuk dynasty, and eventually captured the territories of the Abbasid dynasty and the Byzantine Empire. Meanwhile, the Kyrgyz and Uyghurs were struggling

Rashidun caliphate 641–661 Umayyad caliphate 661–750 Abbasid dynasty 750–935 Tulunid dynasty 868–905 Ikhshidid dynasty 935–969 Fatimid dynasty 969–1171

Rashidun caliphate 641–661 Umayyad caliphate 661–750 Abbasid dynasty 750–935 Tulunid dynasty 868–905 Ikhshidid dynasty 935–969 Fatimid dynasty 969–1171

period of the 'Islamic Golden Age'. Like the ancient Persians, the Abbasid dynasty centered their vast empire in Mesopotamia (at the newly founded cities

al-Hajjaj, had already been memorised by thousands of Muslims and that the Abbasid dynasty, which was known for polemically showcasing the negative aspects of

ancient knowledge of the heavens in Greek manuscripts. During the new Abbasid Dynasty after the movement of the capital in 762 AD to Baghdad, translators

Rashidun caliphate 641–661 Umayyad caliphate 661–750 Abbasid dynasty 750–935 Tulunid dynasty 868–905 Ikhshidid dynasty 935–969 Fatimid dynasty 969–1171

the Peninsula. The Umayyads were then subsequently replaced by the Abbasid Dynasty in the East. Many Christians fled to the Northern parts of the peninsula

Rashidun caliphate 641–661 Umayyad caliphate 661–750 Abbasid dynasty 750–935 Tulunid dynasty 868–905 Ikhshidid dynasty 935–969 Fatimid dynasty 969–1171

the second of the two great Islamic caliphates. It was ruled by the Abbasid dynasty of caliphs, who built their capital in Baghdad (Iraq). The Abbasids

of extreme urbanisation in Iran, starting with the ascension of the Abbasid dynasty and ending in the 11th century CE. This was particularly true for the

divine omnipotence, not a negation of it.[citation needed] During the Abbasid dynasty, the poet, theologian, and jurist, Ibrahim an-Nazzam founded a madhhab

Rashidun caliphate 641–661 Umayyad caliphate 661–750 Abbasid dynasty 750–935 Tulunid dynasty 868–905 Ikhshidid dynasty 935–969 Fatimid dynasty 969–1171

thus invoked strong opposition, particularly among the members of the Abbasid dynasty and the Iraqi supporters of Abbasid legitimism. These revolted and

earthquake event. In 750, Marwan II of the Umayyad Caliphate died and the Abbasid dynasty succeeded him. The Commemoratium de Casis Dei (c. 808), compiled by

east—in Mesopotamia, Iran, Central Asia and even India. (...) The Abbasid dynasty of caliphs, founded in 749, ruled most of the Islamic lands from capital

may have influenced the Arabic shahid ('martyr-witness'). During the Abbasid dynasty, translations of the gospels from Syriac into Arabic were made, particularly

the Seljuk dynasty and eventually captured the territories of the Abbasid dynasty and the Byzantine Empire. After many battles, the western Oghuz Turks

many of their members held high office under various caliphs of the Abbasid dynasty, which had overthrown the Umayyads in 750. Al-Muhallab's governorship

inhabiting since pre-Islamic times. However, following the fall of the Abbasid dynasty, the flow of Arab immigrants into Persia gradually diminished, but

Muhammad Abdan, who seized control of Kufa and declared the end of the Abbasid dynasty and the imminent arrival of the Islamic messiah, the Mahdi. The rebels

Rashidun caliphate 641–661 Umayyad caliphate 661–750 Abbasid dynasty 750–935 Tulunid dynasty 868–905 Ikhshidid dynasty 935–969 Fatimid dynasty 969–1171

Rashidun caliphate 641–661 Umayyad caliphate 661–750 Abbasid dynasty 750–935 Tulunid dynasty 868–905 Ikhshidid dynasty 935–969 Fatimid dynasty 969–1171

Rashidun caliphate 641–661 Umayyad caliphate 661–750 Abbasid dynasty 750–935 Tulunid dynasty 868–905 Ikhshidid dynasty 935–969 Fatimid dynasty 969–1171

times during the Arab–Byzantine wars. After the disintegration of the Abbasid dynasty, the city was ruled successively by the Tulunids, the Ikhshidids, and

in Baghdad. Despite the recognition of women's aptitudes during the Abbasid dynasty, all these came to an end in Iraq with the sack of Baghdad in 1258

young boys in words and gestures." During the Islamic Golden Age, the Abbasid dynasty is known for being relatively liberal regarding homosexuality. This

Baghdad in 1258 by the Mongols led to the ruin of Baghdad and end of the Abbasid Dynasty. Baghdad was left depopulated and many surviving residents left and

Mongol invasion of 1258 sacked the city and definitively ended the Abbasid dynasty. During the Abbasid period an enfranchisement was experienced by the

of ornamentation was subsequently given the label of arabesque. The Abbasid Dynasty developed in the Abbasid Caliphate between 750 and 945, primarily in

of early illustrated scientific manuscripts began under the Islamic Abbasid dynasty in Baghdad in approximately the mid-8th century. The development of

east—in Mesopotamia, Iran, Central Asia and even India. (...) The Abbasid dynasty of caliphs, founded in 749, ruled most of the Islamic lands from capital

no dots or diacritic marks;(2) and (3) 9th–10th century under the Abbasid dynasty, Abu al-Aswad's system established red dots with each arrangement or

officials in Samarra then swore allegiance to him. With two members of the Abbasid dynasty now claiming to be caliph, war became inevitable. On al-Musta'in's

because the town had been settled with Hashemite families related to the Abbasid dynasty, as al-Tabari claims. According to the detailed accounts of pro-Fatimid

most Kaysanite Shia had either transferred their allegiance to the Abbasid dynasty (in the case of the Hashimiyya), or had converted to other branches

founded near one of the foremost cities of old Mesopotamia by the Arab Abbasid dynasty in the eighth century. Its beauty has inspired many poets and musicians

said by Shahid Avval in The book of Arbaeen as follow: the vizir of Abbasid dynasty namely Muhammad ibn Hosein became sick. He saw in his dreams Imam Ali

more. In the campaign which finally achieved the ascendancy of the 'Abbasid dynasty over the Umayyads, history vaguely repeated itself. Like the Sassanid

about the fall of the Umayyad dynasty in Damascus and the rise of the Abbasid dynasty, which was supported by Persian mawali. The social inequality of the

was captured and local Shi'a sympathizers declared the end of the Abbasid dynasty and the imminent arrival of the Islamic messiah, the mahdi. The Qarmatians