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The native population of [[Aboriginal Australians]] that once occupied the island (sometimes referred to as the '''Kartan people''') disappeared from the archaeological record sometime after the land became an island<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Walshe |first=Keryn |date=2005 |title=Indigenous Archaeological Sites and the Black Swamp Fossil Bed: Rocky River Precinct, Flinders Chase National Park, Kangaroo Island, South Australia |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2005.11681808 |journal=Australian Archaeology |language=en |volume=60 |issue=1 |pages=61–64 |doi=10.1080/03122417.2005.11681808 |s2cid=143379553 |issn=0312-2417 |access-date=15 August 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224225925/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03122417.2005.11681808 |url-status=live }}</ref> following the [[sea level rise|rising sea levels]] associated with the [[Last Glacial Period]] around 10,000 years ago. It was subsequently settled intermittently by sealers and whalers in the early 19th century, and from 1836 on a permanent basis during the [[British colonisation of South Australia]]. |
The native population of [[Aboriginal Australians]] that once occupied the island (sometimes referred to as the '''Kartan people''') disappeared from the archaeological record sometime after the land became an island<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Walshe |first=Keryn |date=2005 |title=Indigenous Archaeological Sites and the Black Swamp Fossil Bed: Rocky River Precinct, Flinders Chase National Park, Kangaroo Island, South Australia |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2005.11681808 |journal=Australian Archaeology |language=en |volume=60 |issue=1 |pages=61–64 |doi=10.1080/03122417.2005.11681808 |s2cid=143379553 |issn=0312-2417 |access-date=15 August 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224225925/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03122417.2005.11681808 |url-status=live }}</ref> following the [[sea level rise|rising sea levels]] associated with the [[Last Glacial Period]] around 10,000 years ago. It was subsequently settled intermittently by sealers and whalers in the early 19th century, and from 1836 on a permanent basis during the [[British colonisation of South Australia]]. |
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Since then the island's economy has been principally agricultural, with a [[ |
Since then the island's economy has been principally agricultural, with a [[southern rock]] lobster fishery and with tourism growing in importance. The largest town, and the administrative centre, is [[Kingscote, South Australia|Kingscote]]. The island has several nature reserves to protect the remnants of its natural vegetation and native animals, with the largest and best-known being [[Flinders Chase National Park]] at the western end. |