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Likelihood-ratio test (2,098 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Θ 0 c {\displaystyle \Theta _{0}^{\text{c}}} . The likelihood ratio test statistic for the null hypothesis H 0 : θ ∈ Θ 0 {\displaystyle H_{0}\,:\,\theta

Ljung–Box test (870 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

after George E. P. Box and David A. Pierce). In fact, the Ljung–Box test statistic was described explicitly in the paper that led to the use of the Box–Pierce

Kolmogorov–Smirnov test (3,909 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

specific reference distribution changes the null distribution of the test statistic (see Test with estimated parameters). Various studies have found that

Minimum chi-square estimation (680 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

rejects a null hypothesis about a population distribution if a specified test statistic is too large, when that statistic would have approximately a chi-square

Lilliefors test (438 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

variance. Just as in the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, this will be the test statistic. Finally, assess whether the maximum discrepancy is large enough to

Wald test (2,244 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

non-linear parameter restriction can lead to different values of the test statistic. That is because the Wald statistic is derived from a Taylor expansion

Tukey's range test (1,548 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

standard error for the sum of the means. The value qs is the sample's test statistic. (The notation |x| means the absolute value of x; the magnitude of x

Logrank test (1,505 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

was named the logrank test by Richard and Julian Peto. The logrank test statistic compares estimates of the hazard functions of the two groups at each

Relative likelihood (732 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Wilks' theorem), the test statistic is twice the difference in log-likelihoods and the probability distribution of the test statistic is approximately a

Hoeffding's independence test (326 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

version of this measure for use as a test statistic, and calculation of the null distribution of this test statistic. Mathematics portal Correlation Kendall's

Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel statistics (926 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

analysis. When the CMH test can be applied, the CMH test statistic and the score test statistic of the conditional logistic regression are identical

White test (703 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

one of the most cited articles in economics. In cases where the White test statistic is statistically significant, heteroskedasticity may not necessarily

Turning point test (455 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

normally distributed with mean (2n − 4)/3 and variance (16n − 29)/90. The test statistic z = T − 2 n − 4 3 16 n − 29 90 {\displaystyle z={\frac {T-{\frac {2n-4}{3}}}{\sqrt

Lack-of-fit sum of squares (1,625 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

In statistics, a sum of squares due to lack of fit, or more tersely a lack-of-fit sum of squares, is one of the components of a partition of the sum of

Phillips–Perron test (276 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the Phillips–Perron test makes a non-parametric correction to the t-test statistic. The test is robust with respect to unspecified autocorrelation and

Sargan–Hansen test (358 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

coefficients, and tests the validity of over-identifying restrictions. The test statistic can be computed from residuals from instrumental variables regression

Analysis of similarities (455 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

sites is greater than or equal to the similarity within each site. The test statistic R is calculated in the following way: R = r B − r W M / 2 {\displaystyle

Kendall's W (1,929 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

least important. Kendall's W can be calculated from these data. If the test statistic W is 1, then all the survey respondents have been unanimous, and each

Van der Waerden test (772 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

larger observations than at least one of the other populations The test statistic is T 1 = 1 s 2 ∑ j = 1 k n j A ¯ j 2 {\displaystyle T_{1}={\frac {1}{s^{2}}}\sum

Chi-squared distribution (6,817 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

sampling distribution of the test statistic approaches the normal distribution (central limit theorem). Because the test statistic (such as t) is asymptotically

Augmented Dickey–Fuller test (1,119 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

with negative values of our test statistic D F τ {\displaystyle \mathrm {DF} _{\tau }} . If the calculated test statistic is less (more negative) than

G-test (2,518 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

observed. If we assume that the underlying model is multinomial, then the test statistic is defined by ln ⁡ ( L ( θ ~ | x ) L ( θ ^ | x ) ) = ln ⁡ ( ∏ i = 1

Lepage test (748 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

is a rank test for the two-sample location-scale problem. The Lepage test statistic is the squared Euclidean distance of the standardized Wilcoxon rank-sum

Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (1,477 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

enables them to continue to operate in the presence of a GPS failure. The test statistic used is a function of the pseudorange measurement residual (the difference

ANOVA on ranks (1,531 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

variance (ANOVA) is to analyze differences in means between groups. The test statistic, F, assumes independence of observations, homogeneous variances, and

Cucconi test (541 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

coefficient between U {\displaystyle U} and V {\displaystyle V} . The test statistic rejects for large values, a table of critical values is available. The

Extensions of Fisher's method (711 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

test statistic which has a chi-squared distribution under the null, the Cauchy combination test uses a tan transformation to obtain a test statistic whose

Microarray analysis techniques (3,567 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Plot the ordered test statistic against the expected null scores Call each gene significant if the absolute value of the test statistic for that gene minus

Mauchly's sphericity test (1,506 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Mauchly's test is fairly straightforward. When the probability of Mauchly's test statistic is greater than or equal to α {\displaystyle \alpha } (i.e., p > α {\displaystyle

Student's t-distribution (6,423 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

equal to n − 1, and Fisher proved it in 1925. The distribution of the test statistic T depends on ν {\displaystyle \nu } , but not μ or σ; the lack of dependence

Transmission disequilibrium test (1,495 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

+i-j\\c&=2j+(h-i-j)=h-i+j\end{aligned}}} leading to the chi-squared test statistic: χ t d t 2 = 4 ( i − j ) 2 h . {\displaystyle \chi _{tdt}^{2}={\frac

Jonckheere's trend test (1,723 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

within a particular sample (which does not affect the value of the test statistic) – exact tables of S are available; for example, Jonckheere provided

Cochran's Q test (727 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

is a difference in effectiveness between treatments. The Cochran's Q test statistic is T = k ( k − 1 ) ∑ j = 1 k ( X ∙ j − N k ) 2 ∑ i = 1 b X i ∙ ( k −

Mean absolute scaled error (1,221 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

test statistic, it is desirable for D M ∼ N ( 0 , 1 ) {\displaystyle DM\sim N(0,1)} , where D M {\displaystyle DM} is the value of the test statistic

HKA test (833 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the test statistic (X2). If the polymorphism within species A, and B, and the divergence between them are all independent, then the test statistic should

Durbin test (786 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

least one treatment is different from at least one other treatment The test statistic is T 2 = T 1 / ( t − 1 ) ( b k − b − T 1 ) / ( b k − b − t + 1 ) {\displaystyle

Linear trend estimation (2,171 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

pain, or severe pain). In these cases, one would expect the effect test statistic (e.g., influence of a statin on levels of cholesterol, an analgesic

Breusch–Godfrey test (1,167 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

residuals from the model being considered in a regression analysis, and a test statistic is derived from these. The null hypothesis is that there is no serial

Minimum-distance estimation (696 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

measures which underlie already-established goodness of fit tests: the test statistic used in one of these tests is used as the distance measure to be minimised

Type I and type II errors (4,726 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

instead of 0.05, could increase the analyses' power.[citation needed] A test statistic is robust if the type I error rate is controlled. Varying different

Nuisance parameter (643 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

parameters. The t-test provides a practically useful test because the test statistic does not depend on the unknown variance but only the sample variance

Bell test (7,123 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

subexperiments are conducted, corresponding to the four terms E(a, b) in the test statistic S (equation (2) shown below). The settings a, a′, b and b′ are generally

Multivariate Behrens–Fisher problem (1,770 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(2004) procedure has the best known size and power as of 2004. The test statistic T 2 {\displaystyle T^{2}} in Krishnmoorthy and Yu's procedure follows

Shapiro–Francia test (782 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

distribution. Compared to the Shapiro–Wilk test statistic W {\displaystyle W} , the Shapiro–Francia test statistic W ′ {\displaystyle W'} is easier to compute

Elbow method (clustering) (765 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

between-group variance to within-group variance, which is the one-way ANOVA F-test statistic. Determining the number of clusters in a data set Scree plot Robert

Lambda (2,817 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

In the current case of one-way MANOVA, it can be shown that the LR test statistic is a monotone function of what is called Wilks' lambda (Λ, capital Greek

Hartley's test (463 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Brown–Forsythe test. Hartley's test is related to Cochran's C test in which the test statistic is the ratio of max(sj2) to the sum of all the group variances. Other

The Design of Experiments (803 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

guessing. With this assumption, the number of correct guesses (the test statistic) formed a hypergeometric distribution. Fisher calculated that her chance

Hosmer–Lemeshow test (2,549 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

group, usually to create approximately 10 groups. The Hosmer–Lemeshow test statistic is given by: H = ∑ g = 1 G ( ( O 1 g − E 1 g ) 2 E 1 g + ( O 0 g − E

Bootstrapping (statistics) (9,407 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

{y}}} and variance σ y 2 {\displaystyle \sigma _{y}^{2}} Calculate the test statistic t = x ¯ − y ¯ σ x 2 / n + σ y 2 / m {\displaystyle t={\frac {{\bar {x}}-{\bar

Score test (1,600 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

used to test H 0 {\displaystyle H_{0}} . The actual formula for the test statistic depends on which estimator of the Fisher information matrix is being

Spatial ecology (2,432 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Alpha may be tested for a significant deviation from 1 by computing the test statistic χ 2 n 2 = 2 n α {\displaystyle \chi _{2n}^{2}=2n\alpha } where χ2 is

Analysis of variance (7,645 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

single-factor ANOVA, statistical significance is tested for by comparing the F test statistic F = variance between treatments variance within treatments {\displaystyle

Bartlett's test (687 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

and sample variances S i 2 {\displaystyle S_{i}^{2}} then Bartlett's test statistic is χ 2 = ( N − k ) ln ⁡ ( S p 2 ) − ∑ i = 1 k ( n i − 1 ) ln ⁡ ( S i

Friedman test (1,170 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{\displaystyle {\bar {r}}_{\cdot j}={\frac {1}{n}}\sum _{i=1}^{n}{r_{ij}}} The test statistic is given by Q = 12 n k ( k + 1 ) ∑ j = 1 k ( r ¯ ⋅ j − k + 1 2 ) 2 {\displaystyle

False discovery rate (4,564 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

{\displaystyle P_{(1)}\ldots P_{(m)}} . A procedure that goes from a small test-statistic to a large one will be called a step-up procedure. In a similar way

Yates's correction for continuity (600 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

sizes, using the correction will have little effect on the value of the test statistic, and hence the p-value. Continuity correction Wilson score interval

Sequential analysis (1,504 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of sequential tests based on the time of stopping and how high the test statistic was at a given look, which is known as stagewise ordering, first proposed

T-statistic (1,496 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

that interval. The term "t-statistic" is abbreviated from "hypothesis test statistic".[citation needed] In statistics, the t-distribution was first derived

Binomial test (1,909 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

standard normal distribution, in which a z-test is performed of the test statistic Z {\displaystyle Z} , given by Z = k − n π n π ( 1 − π ) {\displaystyle

Kruskal–Wallis test (2,324 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

average of the ranks they would have received had they not been tied. The test statistic is given by H = ( N − 1 ) ∑ i = 1 g n i ( r ¯ i ⋅ − r ¯ ) 2 ∑ i = 1

Expected mean squares (854 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(}(N-s)(n-1){\big )}}}} Instead, one uses as the test statistic the following random variable that is not defined in terms of SS E {\textstyle

Missing data (3,306 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

points. In the comparison of two paired samples with missing data, a test statistic that uses all available data without the need for imputation is the

Canonical correlation (3,645 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{\displaystyle i=1,\dots ,\min\{m,n\}} . For the i {\displaystyle i} th row, the test statistic is: χ 2 = − ( p − 1 − 1 2 ( m + n + 1 ) ) ln ⁡ ∏ j = i min { m , n }

Multivariate normal distribution (9,598 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

)=(2\pi \beta ^{2})^{-k/2}e^{-|\mathbf {t} |^{2}/(2\beta ^{2})}} . The test statistic is T β = ∫ R k | 1 n ∑ j = 1 n e i t T Σ ^ − 1 / 2 ( x j − x ) ¯ − e

Sobel test (1,357 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of the product of coefficients distribution is to compare the Sobel test statistic to the distribution of the product instead of to the normal distribution

CHSH inequality (6,473 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

corresponding to the four terms E ( a , b ) {\displaystyle E(a,b)} in the test statistic S (2, above). The settings a = 0°, a′ = 45°, b = 22.5°, and b′ = 67

Reduced chi-squared statistic (1,865 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Test statistic

Multitrait-multimethod matrix (1,491 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

against the alternative hypothesis of an increasing ordered trend. The test statistic is found by counting the number of inversions (I). The critical value

Repeated measures design (2,294 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the assumption of sphericity has been violated, and the multivariate test statistic is reported. A third effect size statistic that is reported is the generalized

Taylor's law (14,253 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

also equal to Katz's test statistic divided by ( n / 2 )1/2 where n is the sample size. It is also related to Clapham's test statistic. It is also sometimes

Hermite distribution (3,280 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{\begin{cases}H_{0}:d=1\\H_{1}:d>1\end{cases}}} The likelihood-ratio test statistic for hermite distribution is, W = 2 ( L ( X ; μ ^ , d ^ ) − L ( X ; μ

Sign test (3,323 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

"greater than", "less than", and "equal to" are meaningful. Since the test statistic is expected to follow a binomial distribution, the standard binomial

Coefficient of determination (6,215 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{L}}(0))-\ln({\mathcal {L}}({\widehat {\theta }})))}=1-e^{-D/n}} where D is the test statistic of the likelihood ratio test. Nico Nagelkerke noted that it had the

Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (3,963 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

sample of T residuals under the null hypothesis of no ARCH errors, the test statistic T'R² follows χ 2 {\displaystyle \chi ^{2}} distribution with q degrees

Testing in binary response index models (998 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

can be easily computed, it is convenient to use the Wald test whose test statistic is constructed as: ( D β ^ u ) T ( D V ^ D T / n ) − 1 ( D β ^ u ) →

Image segmentation (9,685 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

intensity of the candidate pixel are used to compute a test statistic. If the test statistic is sufficiently small, the pixel is added to the region

Sample size determination (4,035 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

required sample size is often not easy since the distribution of the test statistic under the alternative hypothesis of interest is usually hard to work

Omnibus test (6,180 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

parameter θ ( for example): H0: θ=θ0 vs. H1: θ=θ1 , the likelihood ratio test statistic can be referred as: λ ( y i ) = L ( y i | θ 0 ) L ( y i | θ 1 ) {\displaystyle

Barnard's test (1,553 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

and the power advantage quickly decreases. It remains unclear which test statistic is preferred when implementing Barnard's test; however, most test statistics

Behrens–Fisher problem (2,367 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

this way, the boundary between acceptance and rejection region of the test statistic T is calculated based on the empirical variances si2, in a way that

Adaptive design (medicine) (4,859 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

An example of a three-stage group sequential design, shown in terms of the test statistic.

Phylogenetic comparative methods (3,268 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

create phylogenetically correct (or "PC") null distributions of the test statistic (e.g., a correlation coefficient, t, F). Such simulation approaches

Energy distance (2,370 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

( μ = ν {\displaystyle \mu =\nu } ). Under this null hypothesis the test statistic T = n m n + m E n , m ( X , Y ) {\displaystyle T={\frac {nm}{n+m}}E_{n

Neyman–Pearson lemma (2,943 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

rejection threshold depends on the size of the test. In this example, the test statistic can be shown to be a scaled chi-square distributed random variable and

Cauchy distribution (6,910 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

working with exponential growth. A 1958 paper by White derived the test statistic for estimators of β ^ {\displaystyle {\hat {\beta }}} for the equation

Nonparametric skew (4,425 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

sample median. Hotelling and Solomons considered the distribution of the test statistic D = n ( m − a ) s {\displaystyle D={\frac {n(m-a)}{s}}} where n is the

Šidák correction for t-test (1,359 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Suppose when testing each hypothesis H i {\displaystyle H_{i}} , the test statistic we use is t i {\displaystyle t_{i}} . If these t i {\displaystyle t_{i}}

D'Agostino's K-squared test (1,391 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

questionable. Simulations show that under the null hypothesis the K2 test statistic is characterized by Shapiro–Wilk test Jarque–Bera test Anscombe, F.J

Benford's law (7,473 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

statistics are shown below: These critical values provide the minimum test statistic values required to reject the hypothesis of compliance with Benford's

Paired difference test (2,881 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

are known (the situation with a t-test is similar). The unpaired Z-test statistic is Y ¯ 2 − Y ¯ 1 σ 1 2 / n + σ 2 2 / n , {\displaystyle {\frac {{\bar

Contraharmonic mean (1,844 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

The ratio of the variance and the arithmetic mean was proposed as a test statistic by Clapham. Since the variance is always ≥0 the contraharmonic mean

One-way analysis of variance (2,551 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{MS_{B}}{MS_{W}}}\approx 42/4.5\approx 9.3} The critical value is the number that the test statistic must exceed to reject the test. In this case, Fcrit(2,15) = 3.68 at

Multimodal distribution (6,390 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

-plus by Dario; NYU.edu) (5 December 2016). "diptest: Hartigan's Dip Test Statistic for Unimodality - Corrected" – via R-Packages. Freeman; Dale (2012)

Markov chain Monte Carlo (8,546 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

frequency, which accounts for the long-range dependencies in the chain. The test statistic is computed as: Z = X ¯ A − X ¯ B S ^ ( 0 ) / n A + S ^ ( 0 ) / n B

Dunnett's test (2,417 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

squares for error across all (treatment and control) groups. The formal test statistic for Dunnett's test is either the largest in absolute value of these

Carlos Jarque (1,828 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

for his work in model specification tests (including the Jarque–Bera test statistic), and for his methods on optimum stratification. His research on Consumption

Robert J. Marks II (3,574 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

"Marks, Wise, Haldeman and Whited have derived exact expressions for the test statistic distribution functions, and thus were able to analyze the performance

Soft selective sweep (1,578 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

For a strong interpretation of selection versus neutrality, we need a test statistic with reliably high power for hard and soft sweeps. Based on above-described

Quantum key distribution (11,929 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

contains all other photons. To detect eavesdropping, they can compute the test statistic S {\displaystyle S} using the correlation coefficients between Alice's

Studentized range distribution (2,120 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

which the sample x1, ..., xn is a sample of means and q is the basic test-statistic, can be used as post-hoc analysis to test between which two groups means

Logistic regression (19,414 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Nagelkerke R2N McFadden R2McF Tjur R2T The Hosmer–Lemeshow test uses a test statistic that asymptotically follows a χ 2 {\displaystyle \chi ^{2}} distribution

Matched filter (5,509 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

the matched filter constitutes a generalized maximum likelihood (test-) statistic. The filtered time series may then be interpreted as (proportional

Maximum spacing estimation (3,328 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

same asymptotic mean and variance as in the known case. However, the test statistic to be used requires the addition of a bias correction term and is: T

Family-based QTL mapping (1,776 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

parent must be heterozygous for the test to be informative. The proposed test statistic is actually McNemar's chi-square statistic and tests the null hypothesis

Calinski–Harabasz index (959 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the CH index is equal to 1. In addition, it is analogous to the F-test statistic in univariate analysis. Liu et al. discuss the effectiveness of using

Shape context (2,858 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

distributions represented as histograms, it is natural to use the χ2 test statistic as the "shape context cost" of matching the two points: C S = 1 2 ∑

Binomial proportion confidence interval (6,213 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the Yates correction to avoid a potentially-infinite value for the test statistic.[citation needed] The Clopper–Pearson interval is an early and very

Foundations of statistics (5,507 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

significance test involves a single hypothesis, but the choice of the test statistic requires an understanding of relevant directions of deviation from the

Stein discrepancy (4,615 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

specified or determined. The Stein discrepancy has also been used as a test statistic for performing goodness-of-fit testing and comparing latent variable

Kernel embedding of distributions (9,770 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

and m samples from Q ( Y ) {\displaystyle Q(Y)} , one can formulate a test statistic based on the empirical estimate of the MMD MMD ^ ( P , Q ) = ‖ 1 n ∑

Source attribution (13,848 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

two models or hypotheses, where the ratio of their likelihoods is a test statistic that is mapped to a null distribution to assess statistical significance

Two-proportion Z-test (2,069 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Rejecting H 0 {\displaystyle H_{0}} Under the null hypothesis, the test statistic is based on the pooled standard error ( SE null {\displaystyle

Epiphenotyping (4,674 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Samantha; Aberg, Karolina a; van den Oord, Edwin J. C. G. (2020-11-01). "Test-statistic inflation in methylome-wide association studies". Epigenetics. 15 (11):

Neyman Type A distribution (3,522 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{\begin{cases}H_{0}:d=1\\H_{1}:d>1\end{cases}}} The likelihood-ratio test statistic for NA {\displaystyle \operatorname {NA} } is, W = 2 ( L ( X ; μ , d