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Find link is a tool written by Edward Betts.Longer titles found: Partition function (mathematics) (view), Partition function (number theory) (view), Partition function (quantum field theory) (view), Partition function (statistical mechanics) (view), Partition function for Interacting RNAs (view), Kostant partition function (view), Rotational partition function (view), Vibrational partition function (view), Translational partition function (view)
searching for Partition function 106 found (427 total)
alternate case: partition function
Arf invariant of a knot
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Jones showed that the Arf invariant can be obtained by taking the partition function of an Ising model on a knot diagram. This approach to the Arf invariantMapReduce (5,480 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
a particular reducer by the application's partition function for sharding purposes. The partition function is given the key and the number of reducersRamanujan's congruences (954 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
mathematics, Ramanujan's congruences are the congruences for the partition function p(n) discovered by Srinivasa Ramanujan: p ( 5 k + 4 ) ≡ 0 ( mod 5Goldbach's conjecture (3,716 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
are believed to be of roughly comparable difficulty. The Goldbach partition function is the function that associates to each even integer the number ofProbalign (792 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
partition function posterior probabilities. Base pair probabilities are estimated using an estimate similar to Boltzmann distribution. The partition functionEinstein solid (1,958 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
capacities. Heat capacity is obtained through the use of the canonical partition function of a simple quantum harmonic oscillator. Z = ∑ n = 0 ∞ e − E n / kSupersymmetric localization (383 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
operators in certain supersymmetric quantum field theories such as the partition function, supersymmetric Wilson loops, etc. The method can be seen as an extensionBruria Kaufman (873 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
applied spinor analysis to rederive the result of Lars Onsager on the partition function of the two-dimensional Ising model, and to the study of the MössbauerSelf-consistency principle in high energy physics (750 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
approach to the high energy collisions first proposed by E. Fermi. The partition function of the fireballs can be written in two forms, one in terms of itsField-theoretic simulation (748 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
possibility is to use Monte Carlo (MC) algorithms, to sample the full partition function integral expressed in field-theoretic representation. The procedureJoan van der Waals (895 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
his paper on the canonical partition function for clathrates, along with J. C. Platteeuw. To create this partition function, van der Waals made a numberModular invariance (90 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
anomalies. Equivalently, in two-dimensional conformal field theory the torus partition function must be invariant under the modular group SL(2,Z). v t eH-stable potential (1,041 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
potential is not H-stable, it is not possible to define a grand canonical partition function in finite volume, because of catastrophic configurations with infiniteGopakumar–Vafa invariant (633 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
invariants can be viewed as a partition function in topological quantum field theory. They are proposed to be the partition function in Gopakumar–Vafa form:Hard hexagon model (1,523 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
configurations. For a triangular lattice with N sites, the grand partition function is Z ( z ) = ∑ n z n g ( n , N ) = 1 + N z + 1 2 N ( N − 7 ) z 2 +GSO projection (281 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
the OPE of any two operators in the set A. Modular invariance — The partition function on the two-torus of the theory containing only the operators in AA. O. L. Atkin (379 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Atkin. Atkin is also known for his work on properties of the integer partition function and the monster module. He was a vocal fan of using computers in mathematicsThermal quantum field theory (1,167 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
is recast as a variation in the Euclidean metric. Analysis of the partition function leads to an equivalence between thermal variations and the curvatureHansraj Gupta (375 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
mathematician specialising in number theory, in particular the study of the partition function. Gupta was born 9 October 1902 in Rawalpindi, then part of BritishBoltzmann distribution (2,593 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
The partition function can be calculated if we know the energies of the states accessible to the system of interest. For atoms the partition function valuesTwo-dimensional conformal field theory (5,674 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
but also their correlation functions are multivalued. The torus partition function is a particular correlation function that depends solely on the spectrumQuicksort (10,092 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
gets swapped with other elements in the partition function. Therefore, the index returned in the partition function isn't necessarily where the actual pivotSuperstatistics (551 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
}d\beta f(\beta )\exp(-\beta E).} This defines the superstatistical partition function Z = ∑ i = 1 W B ( E i ) {\displaystyle Z=\sum _{i=1}^{W}B(E_{i})}Critical three-state Potts model (1,747 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
is considered to be the simplest minimal model with a non-diagonal partition function in Virasoro characters, as well as the simplest non-trivial CFT withEntropy (statistical thermodynamics) (2,621 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
_{\text{mic}}} is the microcanonical partition function Z can {\displaystyle Z_{\text{can}}} is the canonical partition function Z gr {\displaystyle {\mathcalNeutral network (evolution) (2,832 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
a polynomial time DP algorithm for computing the full equilibrium partition function of an RNA secondary structure. This changed the dominant calculationHagedorn temperature (868 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
line of reasoning was well known to be false even to Hagedorn. The partition function for creation of hydrogen–antihydrogen pairs diverges even more rapidlySpin foam (769 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Freidel (FK model) and Jerzy Lewandowski (KKL model). The summary partition function for a spin foam model is Z := ∑ Γ w ( Γ ) [ ∑ j f , i e ∏ f A f (ViennaRNA Package (801 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
folding of RNA secondary structures RNA2Dfold Compute MFE structure, partition function and representative sample structures of k,l neighborhoods RNAaliduplexTwo-dimensional critical Ising model (3,287 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
ϵ , σ {\displaystyle 1,\epsilon ,\sigma } . The modular invariant partition function is Z ( q ) = | χ 0 ( q ) | 2 + | χ 1 16 ( q ) | 2 + | χ 1 2 ( q )List of RNA structure prediction software (8,514 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
1007/BF00818163. S2CID 19344304. McCaskill JS (1990). "The equilibrium partition function and base pair binding probabilities for RNA secondary structure".Supersymmetric theory of stochastic dynamics (5,970 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
the finite-time GTO is larger than unity. Under this condition, the partition function, Z t t ′ = T r M ^ t t ′ = ∑ α e − ( t − t ′ ) H α , {\displaystyleLaser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (2,440 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
degeneracy of the upper level i (2J+1) U ( T ) {\displaystyle U(T)} is the partition function (unitless) E i {\displaystyle E_{i}} is the energy level of the upperNikita Nekrasov (580 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
gauge theory, quantum integrability, and string theory. The Nekrasov partition function, which he introduced in his 2002 paper, relates in an intricate wayThermal fluctuations (1,707 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
{\displaystyle {\mathcal {Z}}(\beta )} , which is referred to as the partition function, or generating function. The latter name is due to the fact that theAlbert Schwarz (624 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
A12(7):1405–1429, 1997. V. Kac, A. Schwarz, Geometric interpretation of the partition function of 2D gravity, Phys. Lett. B257 (1991), nos. 3–4, 329–334. A. A. BelavinChern–Simons form (611 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
University of Texas. Retrieved June 7, 2019. Schwartz, A. S. (1978). "The partition function of degenerate quadratic functional and Ray-Singer invariants". LettersUltraviolet catastrophe (1,050 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
λ is the wavelength of light. By applying this new energy to the partition function in statistical mechanics, Planck's assumptions led to the correctAl-Salam–Chihara polynomials (403 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
28(2), 199-218. Ishikawa, M., & Zeng, J. (2009). The Andrews–Stanley partition function and Al-Salam–Chihara polynomials. Discrete Mathematics, 309(1), 151-175Massless free scalar bosons in two dimensions (3,687 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
the compactified free boson CFT exists on any Riemann surface. Its partition function on the torus C Z + τ Z {\displaystyle {\frac {\mathbb {C} }{\mathbbRudin–Shapiro sequence (2,732 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
S(N,x)=\sum _{0\leq n<2^{N}}\exp(2\pi ixu(n,N)).} Recall that the partition function of the one-dimensional Ising model can be defined as follows. FixList of sequence alignment software (2,364 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Nucleotide Local B. Ma et al. 2002–2004 ProbA (also propA) Stochastic partition function sampling via dynamic programming Both Global U. Mückstein 2002 PyMOLEuler numbers (2,049 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
A1. Malenfant, J. (2011). "Finite, Closed-form Expressions for the Partition Function and for Euler, Bernoulli, and Stirling Numbers". arXiv:1103.1585 [mathLikelihood function (8,546 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
{\displaystyle \mathbf {T} (x)} , minus the normalization factor (log-partition function) A ( η ) {\displaystyle A({\boldsymbol {\eta }})} . Thus for exampleDyadic transformation (4,718 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
{\displaystyle \beta } be the inverse temperature for the system, the partition function for this model is given by Z = ∑ { σ i = ± 1 , i ∈ Z 2 N } ∏ i ∈ ZSelberg integral (1,058 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Dyson (1963), who were unaware of Selberg's earlier work. It is the partition function for a gas of point charges moving on a line that are attracted toGlossary of string theory (5,167 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Coleman–Mandula theorem. Hagedorn temperature The temperature above which the partition function diverges due to the exponentially increasing number of string statesNetwork entropy (3,470 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
)=Tr[e^{-\beta L}]} is a normalizing factor which plays the role of the partition function, and β {\displaystyle \beta } is a tunable parameter which allowsInstanton (6,378 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
{\text{Im}}Z_{k}} whereby Z k {\displaystyle Z_{k}} is the canonical partition function, which is calculated by taking the trace of the Boltzmann operatorJennifer Tour Chayes (1,216 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Chayes, Jennifer; M. Biskup; C. Borgs; L. Kleinwaks; Kotecky (2004), "Partition function zeros at first-order phase transitions: A general analysis", CommunicationsUnruh effect (2,929 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
} A path integral with real time coordinate is dual to a thermal partition function, related by a Wick rotation. The periodicity β {\displaystyle \betaConnective constant (2,354 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
to b {\displaystyle b} . The aim of the proof is to show that the partition function Z ( x ) = ∑ γ : a → H x ℓ ( γ ) = ∑ n = 0 ∞ c n x n {\displaystyleGeorge Stanley Rushbrooke (755 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
1098/rspa.1953.0017. Rushbrooke, G S; Eve, J (1962). "High-temperature partition function and refated noncrossing polygons for the simple cubic lattice". JournalBlack hole thermodynamics (3,220 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
microstate ensemble for black holes is the microcanonical ensemble. The partition function for black holes results in a negative heat capacity. In canonicalVertex operator algebra (8,938 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
–z−n–1∂z as n ranges over integers greater than 1. The module then has partition function T r V q L 0 = ∑ n ∈ R dim V n q n = ∏ n ≥ 2 ( 1 − q n ) − 1 {\displaystyleFundamental thermodynamic relation (2,674 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
{\textstyle \Pr(i)\propto f(E_{i},T)} . The normalization factor (partition function) is therefore Z = ∑ i f ( E i , T ) . {\displaystyle Z=\sum _{i}f(E_{i}Multi-key quicksort (700 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
., a[length(a)−1][d] or some random character in that range. The partition function is a variant of the one used in ordinary three-way quicksort: it rearrangesRotamer (3,951 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
the absolute temperature. The denominator of the right side is the partition function. The effects of electrostatic and steric interactions of the substituentsEntropic gravity (3,213 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
C.; Jeynes, C. (21 April 2021). "Entropic uncertainty principle, partition function and holographic principle derived from Liouville's Theorem". PhysicsRadial distribution function (4,540 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
\mathbf {r} _{N})=\sum _{i=1}^{N}U_{1}(\mathbf {r} _{i})} , then the partition function factorizes, and the probability of an elementary configuration decomposesLight-front quantization applications (9,006 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
partition function in light-front quantization has been developed and numerical methods are under development for evaluating this partition function inGeneralized hypergeometric function (8,002 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
{\frac {3}{4}},{\frac {5}{4}};{\frac {3125a^{4}}{256}}\right).} The partition function Z ( K ) {\displaystyle Z(K)} of the 2D isotropic Ising model withRobert Churchhouse (867 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Churchhouse, Robet F. (1969). "Congruence properties of the binary partition function". Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical SocietySuperselection (2,429 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
path integral, this is a quantum phase transition, in a classical partition function, a classical phase transition. So as t moves toward more negativePartial sorting (952 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
pivot falls in position k or later, we recurse only on the left partition: function partial_quicksort(A, i, j, k) is if i < j then p ← pivot(A, i, j)N-vector model (1,193 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
vectors, the corresponding lines combine into closed loops, and the partition function becomes a sum over loop configurations: Z = ∑ L ∈ L K E ( L ) n |Bethe lattice (1,950 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
magnetic field. The Ising model on the Bethe lattice is defined by the partition function Z = ∑ { σ } exp ( K ∑ ( i , j ) σ i σ j + h ∑ i σ i ) . {\displaystyleMaxwell–Jüttner distribution (4,557 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
}}\right)}^{-1},} The inverse of the normalization constant gives the partition function Z ≡ 1 N {\displaystyle Z\equiv {\frac {1}{N}}} : Z = π n − 1 2 2 −Louise Gray Young (552 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
1016/0019-1035(70)90007-2 L Gray Young. (August 1971). "Calculation of the partition function for 14N216O". Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative TransferSpenta R. Wadia (857 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Hawking’s calculation in gravity; vii) for dualities involving the partition function and S-matrix of fermions and bosons coupled to 2+1 dim Chern-SimonsKramers–Wannier duality (1,891 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
=1/kT} . The low temperature expansion of the N {\displaystyle N} spin partition function Z N {\displaystyle Z_{N}} for (K*,L*) obtained from the standard expansionPlasmid (8,318 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
and parMRC system, are often referred to as the partition system or partition function of a plasmid. Plasmids of linear form are unknown among phytopathogensDynamic programming (9,166 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
"Cooperative phenomena in homopolymers: An alternative formulation of the partition function", Biopolymers, 13 (7): 1511–1512, doi:10.1002/bip.1974.360130719 GurskiĭCyclometer (3,070 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
partitions of n (the partition numbers)" https://oeis.org/A000041; "Partition Function P(n)", stating "gives the number of ways of writing the integer nDensity of states (5,572 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
states can also be understood as the derivative of the microcanonical partition function Z m ( E ) {\displaystyle Z_{m}(E)} (that is, the total number of statesGame theory (15,372 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Lucas, William F. (1963), " n {\displaystyle n} -person games in partition function form", Naval Research Logistics Quarterly, 10 (4): 281–298, doi:10Belleville washer (2,570 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
to stack n {\displaystyle {n}} washers is defined by the integer partition function p(n) and increases rapidly with large n {\displaystyle {n}} , allowingSpecific heat capacity (8,515 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
New York, NY: University Science Books. pp. 83–85. "6.6: Electronic Partition Function". Chemistry LibreTexts. 2020-11-26. Retrieved 2024-12-16. BonhoefferAtiyah–Singer index theorem (7,553 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Witten index – Modified partition function Atiyah & Singer 1963. Kayani 2020. Hamilton 2020, p. 11. Gel'fandGaussian network model (4,570 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
^{-1}\right)^{-1}\Delta X\right)\right\}} The normalization constant, also the partition function ZX, is given by Z X = ∫ 0 ∞ exp { − 1 2 ( Δ X T ( k B T γ Γ − 1Yang–Baxter equation (3,340 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Bibcode:1944PhRv...65..117O. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.65.117. Baxter, R. J. (1972). "Partition function of the Eight-Vertex lattice model". Annals of Physics. 70 (1). Elsevier:Probabilistic soft logic (2,120 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
}\exp(\sum _{i=1}^{k}w_{i}\phi _{i}(\mathbf {x} ,\mathbf {y} ))} is the partition function. This density is a logarithmically convex function, and thus the commonCombining rules (1,898 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Delhommelle, Jerome (14 March 2014). "Evaluation of the grand-canonical partition function using expanded Wang-Landau simulations. III. Impact of combining rulesRobert Penner (1,273 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
punctured surfaces including the so-called Penner matrix model, the basic partition function for Riemann's moduli space. Extending the foregoing to orientation-preservingRandom energy model (1,433 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
temperature β c = 2 ln 2 {\displaystyle \beta _{c}=2{\sqrt {\ln 2}}} . Partition function Z ( β ) = ∑ s e − β H ( s ) {\displaystyle Z(\beta )=\sum _{s}e^{-\betaStirling numbers of the first kind (7,265 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Malenfant, Jerome (2011). "Finite, closed-form expressions for the partition function and for Euler, Bernoulli, and Stirling numbers". arXiv:1103.1585 [mathRalph Kenna (3,223 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
R.; Lang, C.B. (1991). "Finite-Size Scaling and the Zeroes of the Partition Function in the φ 4 4 {\displaystyle \varphi _{4}^{4}} Model". Physics LettersJohn McCaskill (940 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
doi:10.1002/9780470141243.ch4 McCaskill, John (1990). "The equilibrium partition function and base pair binding probabilities for RNA secondary structure".Theoretical astronomy (3,883 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
deduce Feynman's imaginary-time functional integral for the canonical partition function. Reaction equations and large reaction networks are an important toolProbabilistic context-free grammar (5,242 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
AAAI Press. pp. 143–153. McCaskill J. S. (1990). "The Equilibrium Partition Function and Base Pair Binding Probabilities for RNA Secondary Structure".Correlation function (statistical mechanics) (3,959 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
plays a significant role in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics as partition function does in equilibrium statistical mechanics. For instance, transportLambert series (3,873 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
products whose lower triangular entries are given in terms of the partition function and the Möbius function by the divisor sums s n , k ( − 1 ) = ∑ dNucleic acid structure prediction (4,806 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
PMC 169194. PMID 12824337. McCaskill JS (1990). "The equilibrium partition function and base pair binding probabilities for RNA secondary structure".Bernoulli number (13,144 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Malenfant, Jerome (2011), "Finite, closed-form expressions for the partition function and for Euler, Bernoulli, and Stirling numbers", arXiv:1103.1585 [mathHigher-spin theory (5,905 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
sense. One begins with the free O ( N ) {\displaystyle O(N)} model partition function and performs a change of variables by passing from the O ( N ) {\displaystyleTwelvefold way (5,609 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
answer in terms of combinatorial functions (Stirling numbers and the partition function for a given number of parts). The incorporation of classical enumerationMartin H. Krieger (1,860 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
Mathematical Physics: Structure, Tricks, and Lacunae in Derivations of the Partition Function of the Two-Dimensional Ising Model and in Proofs of The StabilitySuperradiant phase transition (2,436 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
the Rabi frequency. One can approximately calculate the canonical partition function Z = ∑ ± , n e − β E ± ( n ) ≈ ∑ ± ∫ e − β E ± ( n ) d n = ∫ e Φ (Aquilanti–Mundim deformed Arrhenius model (4,903 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
functions of the reactants, and Q ‡ {\displaystyle Q^{\ddagger }} is the partition function of the activated complex. In Ref., the significance of the parameterClassical nucleation theory (4,711 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
methods of statistical mechanics hold at least approximately. The grand partition function is Q = ∑ N = 0 ∞ z N ∑ μ S | N e − β H N ( μ S ) , z ≡ e β μ . {\displaystyleFrank A. Weinhold (1,954 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
water and other pure substances. QCE predictions are based on a model partition function composed from an equilibrium mixture of molecular clusters {Mn}, eachVirasoro conformal block (6,417 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
spectrum can be derived from the modular invariance of the torus partition function, leading in particular to the ADE classification of minimal modelsLight front quantization (12,723 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Develop numerical methods/computer codes to directly evaluate the partition function (viz. thermodynamic potential) as the basic thermodynamic quantityHigh-dimensional Ising model (6,317 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
H^{4}\right]}}.} The denominator in this expression is called the partition function: Z = ∫ D H e − ∫ d d x [ A H 2 + Z | ∇ H | 2 + λ H 4 ] {\displaystyleLeiden algorithm (3,162 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
P_refined. */ end for return P_refined /* return newly refined partition. */ function refine_partition_subset(Graph G, Partition P, Subset S) R = {v |Deaths in November 1988 (4,926 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
II Luftwaffe fighter ace. Hansraj Gupta, 86, Indian mathematician (partition function). Wieland Herzfelde, 92, German publisher and writer. Richard Lonsdale