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'trustee'. After Muhammad's death, this institution was adapted by the Umayyad dynasty to incorporate new converts to Islam into Arab-Muslim society and the

having choice or free will. The Jabriyya school originated during the Umayyad dynasty in Basra. The first representative of this school was al-Ja'd ibn Dirham

house — Hammudid dynasty Preceded by Umayyad dynasty Caliphs of Córdoba 1016–1023 1025–1027 Succeeded by Umayyad dynasty (Restored) New title Taifa kings

in the Palestinian city of Jericho, in the West Bank. Built by the Umayyad dynasty in the first half of the 8th century, it is one of the so-called Umayyad

Shia believe that the Sunni view of Umar was created by the later Umayyad dynasty to honour the man that gave power to the first Umayyad ruler and third

Shi'i Islam proved threatening to the local representative of the Umayyad dynasty. The Umayyad representative's forces cornered and killed Sultan Ali

before 132AH/750CE at a very old age and shortly before the fall of the Umayyad dynasty. One of his poems: رب خال متوج لی و عم ماجد مجتدی کریم النصاب انما

an oath of allegiance to Yazid ibn Mu'awiya ibn Abu Sufyan of the Umayyad dynasty. Al-Hurr ibn Yazid al-Tamimi al-Yarbu'i was to guard one of the roads

[citation needed] Another theme of Hawting's research is the period of the Umayyad dynasty which was of great importance for the formation of Islam as a religion

as the 59th emperor of Japan. The city of Toledo rises against the Umayyad Dynasty, in Al-Andalus (modern Spain). February 5 – Theodosius Romanus ascends

Fortress. During the reign of caliph Sulaymān ibn ʿAbd al-Malik of the Umayyad dynasty, a nilometer was built on the southern tip of the island opposite the

intermarried frequently. A few years later, the Eastern branch of the Umayyad dynasty was dethroned by the Abbasids and the Umayyad Caliphate overthrown

Europe for naming years. September – Abd al-Rahman I, a member of the Umayyad Dynasty, lands at Almuñécar in al-Andalus (modern Spain), where over the next

part of the city. "Egypt". Britannica Kids. Retrieved 2022-05-25. "Umayyad dynasty | Achievements, Capital, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com

expectations raised by black banners in their campaign to undermine the Umayyad dynasty from within. Even after the ʿAbbasids had triumphed over the Umayyads

with tawalli, and al-bara’ being cognate with tabarri). The Sunni Umayyad dynasty cursed Ali for 70 years.[citation needed] Event of Mubahala Imprecatory

674. After her death, Muawiyah I, the reigning first caliph of the Umayyad dynasty, bought her house in Medina for 180,000 dirhams.[citation needed] According

lived on the western borders of al-Yamamah and were allied with the Umayyad dynasty. They left for the banks of the Euphrates river in Iraq after a 9th-century

Around this time there was a power shift in the Caliphate, as the Umayyad dynasty was supplanted by the Abbasid dynasty. The policy of the Abbasid Caliphs

or Banu Abbas family, around AD 700, who eventually overthrew the Umayyad dynasty and took over the title of caliph, and as such it was the birthplace

reason that they speak Persian and not Arabic to this day. Under the Umayyad dynasty, official association with the Arab dominion was only given to those

gave himself up, and, in an unprecedented act for a member of the Umayyad dynasty and of the Prophet's own Quraysh tribe, did homage to Dahhak, who was

art form. Both religious and secular writing flourished under the Umayyad dynasty. Poets, (known as sha'ir meaning wizard) were thought to be inspired

city that served as the capital of the el-Urdunn province under the Umayyad dynasty. It is situated on the tell of Khirbet Kerak (Arabic: Khirbet al-Karak

of the Caliphate's most capable generals, including princes of the Umayyad dynasty, such as Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik or Hisham's own sons Mu'awiyah, Maslama

specialized in the architecture of the seventh- and eighth-century Umayyad dynasty early in his career. In the 1960s he led the excavations at Qasr al-Hayr

even at early times. It has been recorded that Arab rulers of the Umayyad dynasty already wore Persian-style coats, with pantaloons and qalansuwa turbans

perspectives of some scholars. Islam was first brought to Algeria by the Umayyad dynasty following the invasion of Uqba ibn Nafi, in a drawn-out process of

ISBN 90-04-08265-4. Afsaruddin, Asma (8 March 2018). "Islamic History: Umayyad Dynasty". Encyclopædia Britannica. J.E. Luebering, Exec. Dir., Core Editorial

throughout the Jordanian desert at various castles dating back to the Umayyad dynasty. Such castles include Qasr al-Hallabat, Hmmam al-Sarakh, Qusayr ‘amra

Maliki school, which was the officially recognized legal code of the Umayyad dynasty, under which he lived. His book on the three great Sunni jurists Malik

Hazrat-e Fatemeh (1983) Analytical History of Islam: until the end of the Umayyad Dynasty (1983) The life of Imam Sadeq (1986) The life of Imam Ali (1986) Praise

on the Bani Ummayad" is in Arabic and gives a brief history of the Umayyad dynasty from Muawiyah all the way to the last Ummayyads of Spain. Besides standard

ibn Zuhayr, whose children sold it to Muawiyah I, the founder of the Umayyad dynasty. After the fall of the Umayyads, the Mantle went to Baghdad under the

tribes following the Muslim conquest with the intent of replacing Umayyad dynasty which is proved to be successful under the sign of the Black Standard

revolts against Arab Umayyad overlords. 755 - Abd al-Rahman I of the Umayyad dynasty flees to Iberia to escape the Abbasids and would be responsible for

preachers among the Berbers did not guarantee their support for the Umayyad Dynasty—which held control over most of the Islamic Caliphate. Their ruling

Although he had helped the Abbasids to defeat the former Caliphs, the Umayyad dynasty, the ruling Caliph had given the order to kill him, probably because

the loss of the African mainland territories of the exarchate to the Umayyad dynasty in 709, the empire's power in the West deteriorated further. Saracen

conquest of the Sassanid Empire, during the 90-year long reign of the Umayyad dynasty, Up until the time of Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan, the divan was dominated

Antipatris (Abu Futrus) on 25 June. He had invited 80 members of the Umayyad dynasty, whom the Abbasids were at war with, to the town with promises of fair

The unsuccessful second siege of Constantinople (717) weakened the Umayyad dynasty and reduced their prestige. After their success in overrunning Iberia

expectations raised by black banners in their campaign to undermine the Umayyad dynasty from within. Even after the ʿAbbasids had triumphed over the Umayyads

the 8th century. Fustat was the centre of power in Egypt under the Umayyad dynasty, which had started with the rule of Muawiyah I, and headed the Islamic

prospect of the caliphate passing out of the hands of the north-Arab Umayyad dynasty and instead being vested in a representative of the Yemeni/south-Arab

Constantinople that halted the rapid expansion of the Arab Muslim Empire or Umayyad dynasty into Asia Minor. After the Arab conquest of North Africa in the 7th

tribes following the Muslim conquest with the intent of replacing Umayyad dynasty which is proved to be successful under the sign of the Black Standard

Caliphate. The Abbasids annexed Bilad ash-Sham after defeating the Umayyad dynasty in 750. The capital of the Caliphate was subsequently moved from Damascus

in the 680s and opposed the encroaching Arab Islamic armies of the Umayyad dynasty. Hasan ibn al-Nu'man marched from Egypt and captured the major Byzantine

added that the Persians had no equivalent inclination towards the Umayyad dynasty. Similarly, the Umayyad general Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad is also not especially

status in the holy texts. Others point to the political motives of the Umayyad dynasty which led to the sanctification of Jerusalem in Islam. Later medieval

This status allowed them to practice their religion freely under the Umayyad dynasty. Christians were allowed to maintain many of their churches and the

Marwan I (r. 684–685), founder of the Marwanid ruling house of the Umayyad dynasty, was appointed by his father to the military command of the Jazira

is believed to have been established shortly after the fall of the Umayyad Dynasty in 750/755 CE, when Janaħ bin ʕibadah Alħinnawi was elected. Other

territories. Marwan Ibn Muhammad (744—750) was the last caliph of Umayyad dynasty. (Балазури, с. 19—20; ал-Якуби, с. 8—9; ал-Куфи, VIII, с. 80—82, 141

cite the border city in the division of the provinces previous to the Umayyad dynasty. The diocese of Palencia was but a name— a "titular see"— until Froila

the construction of a big capital city Ordu Baliq 750 Arab empire Umayyad dynasty ends. Abbasid policy more tolerant to Turks. 751 Arabs defeat Chinese

pitted supporters of Ali against supporters of the founder of the Umayyad dynasty Mu'awiyah ibn Abi Sufyan, and these two camps later evolved into the

Yarmuk, Caliph Umar appointed the Arab Muawiyah I, founder of the Umayyad dynasty, as governor of Syria, an area that included present-day Lebanon. 667

influence Karaism; Shahrastani's would put the revolt at the end of the Umayyad Dynasty and thus at a pivotal point of upheaval in the Muslim world. Both are

Kingdom. For specific medieval Muslim dynasties and their rulers, see: Umayyad Dynasty in Spain: Umayyad Emirate of Cordoba, 756–912 (929) Abd ar-Rahman I

fell to the Abbasid Caliphate in 750 but the surviving member of the Umayyad Dynasty, Abd ar-Rahman I, fled to Córdoba and established an Umayyad Emirate

Umayyads fell to the Abbasid Caliphate and the surviving member of the Umayyad Dynasty, Abd ar-Rahman I, fled to Córdoba and established the Umayyad Emirate

Carl; Hoyland, Robert (2015). Khalifa Ibn Khayyat's History on the Umayyad Dynasty (660-750). Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. ISBN 978-1-78138-175-5

ascribes to the Quraysh, the tribe to which Muhammad belonged. The Umayyad dynasty also used white as its dynastic color, following the personal banner

installed himself as the caliph of the Islamic empire founding the Umayyad dynasty. Damascus subsequently became the capital of the Umayyad Caliphate

Nadir Banu Qaynuqa Banu Qurayza Iranian peoples (or Iranic peoples) Umayyad Dynasty Aus & Khazraj People of Quba Abyssinian people Ahl al-Dhimmah Kāfirūn

migrated, but it might have also been a general opposition to the Umayyad dynasty. A central element was the early contact with the leading local Zoroastrian

conqueror, Uqba ibn al Nafia (622–683), whose Islamic conquests under the Umayyad dynasty, during Muawiyah's and Yazid's time, spread all Northern Africa or

nomination of Ali as caliph, the Rashidun Caliphate was succeeded by the Umayyad dynasty, with Syria as its core and Damascus its capital for the next century

intertwining branches of the tree represent the twin branches of the Umayyad dynasty of which “both prophecy and the caliphate sprang” according to Umayyad

a Persian client of Yazīd, the son of Muʿāwiyah, the first of the Umayyad dynasty rulers in Syria. Muslim families of Iberian (Spanish) background commonly

Israel, the Palestinian West Bank and Lebanon that date from the Umayyad dynasty, the so-called "Desert Castles". Qasr Al-Mshatta is one of the grander

subsequently became known as Al-Andalus in Arabic. The establishment of a new Umayyad dynasty in Córdoba after 756, in the form of the Emirate of Córdoba (and the

persecution at the hands of Abbasids after their overthrow of the Umayyad dynasty. He later returned to Basra and served as a secretary under Isa ibn

Mosque of Aleppo. A World Heritage Site originally built in 715 by the Umayyad dynasty, ranking it among the oldest mosques in the world. The epic structure

Sunnah, "between the two extremes". Following the overthrow of the Umayyad dynasty by the Abbasid in 750 CE, the Qādarī movement "either faded out or

that district had come under the control of Mu'awiya, founder of the Umayyad dynasty. That year, an earthquake destroyed Jericho. A decade later, the pilgrim

Bridge. The city became known in Arabic as أنطاكية Anṭākiyah. Since the Umayyad dynasty was unable to penetrate the Anatolian Plateau, Antioch found itself

contemporary literature. Although some of the princes of the previous Umayyad dynasty had begun to gather and translate Greek scientific literature, the

their political and religious authority. The Sunnī rulers under the Umayyad dynasty sought to marginalize the Shia minority, and later the Abbasids turned

The unsuccessful second siege of Constantinople (717) weakened the Umayyad dynasty and reduced their prestige. The Umayyads were then defeated by the

dome in the Umayyad Mosque in 789. In 811, distant remnants of the Umayyad dynasty staged a strong uprising in Damascus that was eventually put down.

archaeological site of a city built in the mid-10th century CE by the Umayyad dynasty as the seat of the Caliphate of Cordoba. After prospering for several

Battle of Yarmouk, Caliph Umar appoints Muawiyah I, founder of the Umayyad dynasty, as ruler of Jund Dimashq, an area that included Lebanon at that time

Tiberias to Jewish life declined.[citation needed] The caliphs of the Umayyad Dynasty built one of its square-plan palaces on the waterfront to the north

hypostyle mosques are the earliest type of mosques, pioneered under the Umayyad Dynasty. These mosques have square or rectangular plans with an enclosed courtyard

Although he did not adhere to the Maliki school of law favored by the Umayyad dynasty, Balluti was still the chief judge of Cordoba during his twilight years;

governor of Iraq and the East for Yazld II. The market inspector in Umayyad dynasty in Spain was called Sāḥib al-Sūq. According to R.P. Buckley, "it is

percolated into Toledo, Seville, Granada, and Elche. After the fall of the Umayyad dynasty, later rulers of Al-Andalus continued the garden-estate tradition.

Courtyard of Zaytuna Mosque, founded in the late 7th century by the Umayyad dynasty

masterpiece in Baghdad during the bloody Abbasid overthrow of the Umayyad dynasty, has become the subject (and rather confusingly, also the title) of

rule over the Muslim community. Infighting among the members of the Umayyad dynasty and tribal rivalries between the Qays and Yaman sapped the strength

in 929, the Emir of Córdoba (Abd-ar-Rahman III), the leader of the Umayyad dynasty, declared himself Caliph, independent from the Abbasids in Baghdad

Mu'awiya) in 661 and Mu'awiya became caliph in the same year, founding the Umayyad dynasty. During the reign of Mu'awiya's son and successor, Yazid I (r. 680–683)

Uthman, Muawiya claimed the Caliphate for himself, initiating the Umayyad dynasty. Over the next few centuries, while remaining in Muslim hands, the

dynasty Titles in pretence Preceded by Abbasid dynasty Caliphate dynasty 909–1171 With: Later Abbasid dynasty, Umayyad dynasty Succeeded by Abbasid dynasty

ibn al-Hakam and had himself elected caliph in place of the ruling Umayyad dynasty, al-Mundhir at first maintained an ambiguous standing with the new

Almoravids and Almohads of North Africa. From the 8th century, the Umayyad dynasty controlled the region until the early 11th century. The official foundation

as the 59th emperor of Japan. The city of Toledo rises against the Umayyad Dynasty, in Al-Andalus (modern Spain). February 5 – Theodosius Romanus ascends

were no obvious successors among the ruling Sufyanid branch of the Umayyad dynasty, which the Kalb were determined to preserve so as to maintain the administrative

Battle of Yarmouk in 636, all of the Hauran came under Muslim rule. The Umayyad dynasty took control of the expanding Islamic caliphate and relocated its capital

soon broke out, leading to the Abbasid Revolution and the fall of the Umayyad dynasty in 750. In 758, the Abbasid Caliph al-Mansur attempted to strengthen

unsuccessfully after the intervention of Tervel of Bulgaria and weakened the Umayyad dynasty and reduced their prestige. In 722 Don Pelayo formed an army of 300

Intelligence Agency, 2022-12-02, retrieved 2022-12-12 Toral, Isabel. "The Umayyad Dynasty and the Western Maghreb. A Transregional Perspective" (PDF). Peters

Retrieved 2024-03-12. "Al-Akhṭal | Arabic Poet, Pre-Islamic Poetry, Umayyad Dynasty | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 2024-02-09. Retrieved 2024-03-12

Al-Khwarizmi. Al-Andalus's multi-cultural richness beginning in the era of Umayyad dynasty rule in that land (711-1031) was one of the main reasons why European

send letters documenting rulings provided by Muhammad. During the Umayyad dynasty, hadith forgeries that attacked their enemy Ali and supported dynasty

Hereafter); Known for his opposition to both partisanship in Islam and the Umayyad dynasty, Al-Qurtubi prophesied the Mahdi would emerge in Morocco and preach

al-Andalus (Muslim Iberia) to the Punjab region under the reign of the Umayyad dynasty. An important Islamic concept concerning the structure of ruling is

translated by Carol Volk, Harvard University Press, 1994, p.14-15 "Umayyad dynasty | Islamic history". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2017-03-26.

crowned Caliph in Jerusalem, becoming the first of the (Damascus-based) Umayyad dynasty. In 691, Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik (685–705) constructed the Dome

sura and at the beginning of another. Unlike the manuscripts from the Umayyad Dynasty, many of the early Abbasid manuscripts were copied in a number of volumes

Christianity Abd-ar-Rahman III, Emir and Caliph of Córdoba (912–961) of the Umayyad dynasty in al-Andalus Erika Sawajiri – Japan-based actress, model, and musician

producer G Anja Hajduk b. 1963 German Politician L Al-Hakam II 915–976 Umayyad dynasty Second Caliph of Cordoba B Salim Halali 1920–2005 Algerian Singer G

Center". Unesco. Retrieved 2008-06-08. "Aanjar: Commercial Hub of the Umayyad Dynasty". Archived from the original on 2007-12-11. Retrieved 2008-06-09. "Places

were largely responsible for starting the final efforts against the Umayyad dynasty, initially with the goal of replacing the Umayyads with an Alid ruling

Al-Andalus continues for the next 4 years. 755 – Abd ar-Rahman I of the Umayyad dynasty flees to Iberia to escape the Abbasids. 756 – Abd ar-Rahman I defeats

later, he became the Emir of Cordoba (756–786) and founder of another Umayyad dynasty there in al-Andalus(756–1031). Richard Fletcher, Moorish Spain (New

later, he became the Emir of Córdoba (756-786) and founder of another Umayyad dynasty there in al-Andalus(756-1031). Richard Fletcher, Moorish Spain (New

time a possession of the Caliphate of Cordova. After the fall of the Umayyad dynasty, it became the capital of a distinct kingdom (taifa), dependent on

poetry drawing on the image of Abd al-Rahman I, the founder of the Umayyad dynasty of Spain who was known as “The Entrant”. Mahfouz wrote as “The Leaver”

Press. ISBN 9780521793728 – via Google Books. Toral, Isabel. "The Umayyad Dynasty and the Western Maghreb. A Transregional Perspective" (PDF). Amara

the late 7th century. He lived at the time of fifth caliph of the Umayyad dynasty Abd al-Malik. His writings provides an eyewitness account of the Arab

civil war, the Third Fitna (744–747), between rival members of the Umayyad dynasty. The war exacerbate tribal rivalries, especially the Qays–Yaman rivalry;

al-Andalus, but needed reinforcements to defeat the caliphate. When the Umayyad dynasty was finally toppled by the Abbasid Revolution in 750, Abd al-Rahman

Ansari had to be sent to impose peace. In the declining years of the Umayyad dynasty, the Caliphate came close to collapse. In 122 H (740 CE) the Shi'ite

and finally reached the form "Sevilla", as it is known today. The Umayyad dynasty was established in al-Andalus when Abd al-Rahman I took Išbīliya without

The policy of the early caliphates, which spans from Rashidun until Umayyad dynasty, was to judiciously select with particular emphasis of early concept

Thalaba ibn Salama, died, Yusuf al-Fihri became ruler of Al-Andalus. The Umayyad dynasty in Damascus collapsed and Yusuf ruled independently with the support

1894, p. 47, Period of Confusion. Caliphate of Córdoba during the Umayyad Dynasty in al-Andalus (2024). Visit Andalucia. Collins 1983, p. 241, Ordoño