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alternate case: sclerite

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characteristics, including a muscle connecting a pleuron and the first axillary sclerite at the base of the wing, various features of the larval maxilla and labium

membrane that separates the head from the thorax; and the pleuron, a lateral sclerite of the thorax. In dragonflies and damselflies the mesothorax and metathorax

anterior sclerite articulated to the front of its head. A pair of antennae and lateral eyes located ventrally behind the anterior sclerite, lateral to

Caput (plural capita): see cephalic region Carapace: A hardened plate (sclerite) covering the upper (dorsal) portion of the cephalothorax; see also Carapace

female genital structure has nine gonocoxites that form a M or W-shaped sclerite. They suck plant sap. The male reproductive anatomy suggests close affinities

Onychodictyon is 70 mm (2.8 in). It has a resemblance to Microdictyon (net-like sclerite ornament) but also Aysheaia and tardigrade (basally-fused terminal leg

mandibles, a dental sclerite, an elongate hypopharyngeal sclerite, a parastomal bar, and an anvil-shaped tentoropharyngeal sclerite. The anterior spiracles

pair of maxillae to consist of a basal triangular sclerite called the cardo and a large central sclerite called the stipes from which arise three processes:

phragma, or endotergite, is a transverse infolding of the intersegmental sclerite, and its main function is to provide a reinforcing basis of attachment

Three head sclerite (carapace) complex formed by a central H-element (anterior sclerite or head shield) and a pair of P-elements (lateral sclerites) cover

length. The abdomen is globular and males have a distinctive distal hinged sclerite on the procursus of genitalia. The name is derived from the Sri Lankans

Sinosachites is a genus of 'halkieriid' known only from sclerites; these have internal chambers that are sub-perpendicular to the central canal, to which

Chaetodactylus krombeini female lateral propodosoma showing enlarged supracoxal sclerite. This trait is diagnostic for the family Chaetodactylidae. "Chaetodactylidae

(vascellum = a small vessel) and refers to the small chamber of the vaginal sclerite. Kritsky, Bakenhaster & Adams (2015) wrote that Pseudorhabdosynochus vascellum

Left-hand and right-hand sclerites exist, so the animal was bilaterally symmetrical; as in Halkieria, palmate, cultrate and siculate sclerite morphologies exist

cavity. This pouch is created in the embryo by a flap or lateral head sclerite near the mouth on each side of the head which fuses with the labium. Other

unique to spiders of this genus include a thin tip to the conductor (a sclerite in the male palpal bulb), the absence of "horns" on the carapace, and,

the base of the oviposition tube (ovipositor), there is an additional sclerite, the gonangulum, which allows for the improved coordination of the movement

there are some which lack this distinguishing feature (e.g. P. grisea). Sclerite examination is necessary for species identification, which reveals the

Lateral lobes of Y-shaped sclerite of female genitalia not tapering and rounded at apex Lateral lobes of Y-shaped sclerite of female genitalia tapering

morphology of the vaginal sclerite, the ventral bar, and the ventral and dorsal anchors. In both species, the vaginal sclerite possesses an elongate sigmoid

and the hypopygium only one sclerite is present dorsally, with two close-set spiracles on each side. Sometimes this sclerite is reduced and rarely membranous

life. Tommotiid sclerites can be classified by their shape, and most had two types of them: the sellate sclerite and the mitral sclerite. In this model

attachment organ, including additional sclerites in the Gastrocotylidae and related families. However, these additional sclerites, and even the clamps themselves

Pseudorhabdosynochus mizellei by possessing an ovate chamber in the vaginal sclerite (versus two chambers of P. mizellei small and lacking a definitive shape)

life. Tommotiid sclerites can be classified by their shape, and most had two types of them: the sellate sclerite and the mitral sclerite. In this model

williamsi in the basic morphology of the vaginal sclerite and male copulatory organ. In both species, the sclerite has small chambers and the cone of the male

of the sclerite in the bursa; in Ph. udana lies the sclerite in the posterior portion (upper right) of the bursa, in Ph. manniana, this sclerite is located

Maoyan (2017). "Orthrozanclus elongata n. sp. and the significance of sclerite-covered taxa for early trochozoan evolution". Scientific Reports. 7 (1):

reproductive systems, could not be determined. Nonetheless, the unique vaginal sclerite clearly indicated the species to be new to science. According to Kritsky

possess a vaginal sclerite with a single comparatively thick-walled chamber. Based on the similarities of the respective vaginal sclerites, P. mcmichaeli

metendosternite lateral arms without lobes; femora without internal spring sclerite; tibial spurs absent; tarsi without bifid setae; stridulatory mechanism

delicate; vaginal sclerite complex, with distal flare, irregular tube with small proximal bulge and surrounded by variable small sclerites, and small chamber

male copulatory organ and haptoral sclerites but is distinguished from the latter species by having a vaginal sclerite with a smaller thick-walled chamber

head sclerites, their tetraradial mouth-parts, and their appendages bearing around five subequal endites. The diversity of hurdiid head sclerites is notable

infecting Mycteroperca species by having an open chamber of the vaginal sclerite (chamber of P. kritskyi, P. capurroi, P. vascellum, and P. contubernalis

two halves not joined by sclerite. The valva is very distinctive with three short lobes. Juxta has a prominent U-shaped sclerite in ventral view. The aedeagus

and is accompanied by a similar curved extension called a translucent sclerite. Like most spiders, the pedipalps of mature males end in a bulb terminating

344. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2010.00245.x. "Articulated palaeoscolecid sclerite arrays from the Lower Cambrian of eastern Siberia" (PDF). Acta Geologica

sinistroventral at level of seminal vesicle; vagina with distal vestibule; vaginal sclerite having sclerotized tube with distal recurved and funnel-shaped terminus

couple of centimetres in height, and bore a loose scleritome of ovoid sclerites. Its interpretation has been controversial, and it has been previously

Sarah M.; Selly, Tara; Schiffbauer, James D.; Brock, Glenn A. (2021). "Sclerite assembly, articulation and protective system of Lower Devonian machaeridians"

In contrast, lobopodians without sclerites may be referred to as "unarmoured lobopodians". Function of the sclerites were interpreted as protective armor

further. Reconstruction as thylacocephalan Reconstruction as radiodont sclerite Caron, Jean-Bernard; Moysiuk, Joe (2021). "A giant nektobenthic radiodont

The Sarcophaginae have a hypopharyngeal sclerite that is sometimes fused with the large tentoropharyngeal sclerite. They also lack an anterior spiracle,

formation of colonies and branches, dichotomous arrangement of polyps, and sclerite form and number. This species was previously and incorrectly sorted into

Cambrian to the late Silurian; they are mainly found as disarticulated sclerites, but are also preserved in many of the Cambrian lagerstätten. They take

Buchmann and Gibson in 2000 ) in the general morphology of the vaginal sclerite. The structure in both species possesses a delicate distal funnel at its

sinistroventral at level of seminal vesicle. Vaginal vestibule delicate; vaginal sclerite with distal funnel and two comparatively large juxtaposed thick-walled

structures are later considered as misidentification of trunk materials. Head sclerites Frontal appendage Size estimation KUMIP 314089 KUMIP 314089 compared to

convex. The male has an aedeagus whose internal sac has a pair of basal sclerites that are long, curved, and join at the anterior. The profemora are very

they do have sclerites, never more than half of the notum). They do not possess a prosternal horn. Their 9th abdominal segment has a sclerite. In addition

petiole when viewed from above due to the third abdominal tergite (the sclerite on the dorsal side) lacking a differentiated pretergite. The gaster is

trunks; they have spines in a V shape on the anal protuberance and no oral sclerite. The mature third instars of both species' larvae can reach a length of

surstyli—one proximal and one distal. The hypandrium in most species is a small sclerite, which may be asymmetrical as in the genera Porphyrops and Tachytrechus

are covered in setae and unlike other member of Sisyridae, the pronotum sclerite is present. Shi, G.; Grimaldi, D.A.; Harlow, G.E.; Wang, Ji.; Wang, Ju

.215S. doi:10.1111/pala.12063. S2CID 84616434. The full width of each sclerite [of Wiwaxia] is striated by finely spaced longitudinal lineations. Parker

and generally with 4–8 setose (setiferous) punctures along the submentum sclerite; labial palpi with setae on the penultimate segment; terminal segments

the valves while remaining lightweight. The head had a anterior/ocular sclerite at the top, a single pair of large stalked eyes, and a pair of segmented

are characterized by a structure in the metathorax called the nodular sclerite or epaulette, which separates the tympanum and the conjunctiva in the tympanal

claws; absence of appendages between antennules and mandibles; median sclerite and lobate protrusions located between compound eyes; posterior tagma (abdomen)

orange markings, one on the frons and a smaller one on the clypeus, the sclerite just above the mouthparts. The orange mark on the clypeus is smaller and

by having a distally reflexed tube and a single chamber in the vaginal sclerite. The group includes P. kritskyi, P. capurroi, P. vascellum, P. contubernalis

about three-quarters of the distance from the upper to lower margin of the sclerite. The meron and metapleuron are both devoid of hair, and the metasternum

Australian Afraflacilla species has a large, circling embolus (inseminating sclerite) and retro-lateral tibial apophysis (side spike). Some undescribed Australian

lateral eyes, a third, large median eye was located behind its preocular sclerite (H-element). Similar structures were evident in the fossils of Peytoia

funnel-shaped tube in the vaginal sclerites, P. meganmarieae most closely resembles P. yucatanensis, but the vaginal sclerite in P. meganmarieae is more robust

species) a transverse groove bisecting the mesopleuron (the mesepisternal sclerite, a region on the side of middle segment of the thorax above the point where

or a conical tube. Some insects bear a sclerite in the pleural area called a laterotergite. Ventral sclerites are sometimes called laterosternites. During

Lanka, United Arab Emirates, Vietnam and Socotra Island. The proximal sclerite of the saccus is triangular. It is a seed borer commonly found in seeds

Schematic diagrams of Ottoia sclerite morphologies. Sclerites comprise a broad, flat basal pad and a thickened, usually triangular arch. Denticles arise

Pseudorhabdosynochus of the western Atlantic Ocean by its unique vaginal sclerite. Other features defining the species include the elongate ventral bar with

the presence of thickenings of clamps capsule, and an accessory clamp sclerite. Allopseudaxinoides comprises two species: Allopseudaxinoides euthynni

is the most complete and abundant Australian halkieriid species. The sclerites assigned to this species are convex on the upper surface and concave on

parasite of Epinephelus morio, in the general morphology of the vaginal sclerite and in the shape and number of concentric rows of rodlets in the squamodisc

“twisted”. The morphology of the anchors, ventral bar, hooks, and vaginal sclerite is nearly identical to that of P. kritskyi, which differs most significantly

order is visible in other taxa. The protein component of the scales and sclerites is minuscule in comparison with other biomineralized structures, whereas

spines in the trochanter. In the female, the gonopods appear with the sclerite relatively short, wide in the base and with the apex narrow and curved

are long, thin structures, fused to the tentoropharyngeal sclerite. The hypopharyngeal sclerites are long separate or connected by a sclerotized bridge;

reaching 8–56 mm in height, and unlike modern species, was "armored" with sclerites, scale-like structures. C. tylodes did have a similar sessile lifestyle

level of seminal vesicle; vagina with distal vestibule, small vaginal sclerite having two small tandem chambers; vaginal canal unsclerotized, extending

median eye after Moysiuk and Caron (2022) C: 1 pair of small lateral eyes, single large median eye, anterior sclerite present, after O’Flynn et al. (2023)

surrounded by 10 or more tubercles, complete peritremes, and an accessory oral sclerite. C. vicina, a close relative to C. livida, has larval growth estimated

triangular projection", which is probably homologous to the ‘anterior sclerite’ of other Cambrian arthropods. The head bears a pair of antennae, which

PMC 7501249. PMID 32948820. Zhang, Zhifei; et al. (January 2013). "A sclerite-bearing stem group entoproct from the early Cambrian and its implications"

Some animals may already have had sclerites, thorns, and plates in the Ediacaran (e.g. Kimberella had hard sclerites, probably of carbonate), but thin

species as follows: Body with bands of short, stiff setulae on broad sclerites (pinacula) only ; thoracic SV setal group (above foreleg base) with 6—10

bristles, and more than one sternopleural bristles. The distinct parastomal sclerite in the second instar larva can be known as its most unusual identifying

sclerotized, rather short cup-shaped sclerite of sterigma and short ductus bursae provided with longitudinal sclerites. For a key to the terms used, see

to sponges on the grounds that the detailed structure of chancellorid sclerites ("armor plates") is similar to that of fibers of spongin, a collagen protein

2014.12.006. ISSN 1871-174X. Zhang, Zhifei; et al. (January 2013). "A sclerite-bearing stem group entoproct from the early Cambrian and its implications"

Chaetodactylus krombeini female lateral propodosoma showing enlarged supracoxal sclerite. This trait is diagnostic for the family Chaetodactylidae. O'Connor, Barry;

front part of the head and has a pair of hardened mouth hooks. The oral sclerite in the Calliphora quadrimaculata is short compared to other species in

Portentomorphini: a four-armed star in Hyalobathra and Cryptosara, an elongate ovoid sclerite in Portentomorpha, or two large, opposing granulose areas in Pioneabathra

setae of differing lengths and a raised ridge runs along the middle of the sclerite. The upper edge has a wide notch while the lower edge has a convex rounded

this reversal, the female is able to discriminate between males' gentalic sclerite. This is an example of a copulatory mechanism where the female actively

Antarctic Research Series. 65: 1–96. Harris, A.C.; Raine, J.I. (2002). "A sclerite from a late Cretaceous moth (Insecta: Lepidoptera) from Rakaia Gorge, Canterbury

Voldman, G. G.; Mango, M. J.; Nestell, G. P. (2021). "Ordovician enigmatic sclerite-type elements from western Argentina: possible oldest axial components

examined trilobite specimens and shown that hypostome is fusion of anterior sclerite and labrum. New information on the anatomy of Kylinxia zhangi, indicating

Zongjun Yin; Maoyan Zhu (2017). "Morphology of diverse radiodontan head sclerites from the early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte, south-west China". Journal