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Longer titles found: List of atmospheric optical phenomena (view)

searching for Optical phenomena 232 found (313 total)

Lustre (mineralogy) (1,158 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

example, a "vitreous greasy" lustre). Some minerals exhibit unusual optical phenomena, such as asterism (the display of a star-shaped luminous area) or

Daylight (351 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Daylight is the combination of all direct and indirect sunlight during the daytime. This includes direct sunlight, diffuse sky radiation, and (often) both

Halo (optical phenomenon) (3,061 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

faces, sending shafts of light in particular directions. Atmospheric optical phenomena like halos were part of weather lore, which was an empirical means

Ice crystal (1,051 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

The material is a new crystalline phase of ice. Ice crystals create optical phenomena like diamond dust and halos in the sky due to light reflecting off

Crepuscular rays (279 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Look up crepuscular ray in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Crepuscular rays are sunbeams that originate when the Sun appears to be just above or below

Diamond dust (1,126 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Publishing. pp. 195 pp. ISBN 0-89716-926-3. — An excellent reference for optical phenomena including photos of displays in Antarctica caused by diamond dust

Golden hour (photography) (808 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article

In photography, the golden hour is the period of daytime shortly after sunrise or before sunset, during which daylight is redder and softer than when the

Blue hour (750 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The blue hour (from French l'heure bleue; pronounced [lœʁ blø]) is the period of twilight (in the morning or evening, around the nautical stage) when the

1561 celestial phenomenon over Nuremberg (1,112 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

A mass sighting of celestial phenomena or unidentified flying objects (UFO) occurred in 1561 above Nuremberg (then a Free Imperial City of the Holy Roman

Shiranui (optical phenomenon) (1,421 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article

Shiranui (不知火, unknown fire, Shiranuhi in the historical kana orthography) is an atmospheric ghost light told about in Kyushu. They are said to appear

Haze (1,364 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Haze is traditionally an atmospheric phenomenon in which dust, smoke, and other dry particulates suspended in air obscure visibility and the clarity of

Space jellyfish (803 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

A space jellyfish (also jellyfish UFO or rocket jellyfish) is a rocket launch-related phenomenon caused by sunlight reflecting off the high-altitude rocket

Earth's shadow (768 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Earth's shadow (or Earth shadow) is the shadow that Earth itself casts through its atmosphere and into outer space, toward the antisolar point. During

Circumhorizontal arc (1,147 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

A circumhorizontal arc is an optical phenomenon that belongs to the family of ice halos formed by the refraction of sunlight or moonlight in plate-shaped

Foo fighter (3,234 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The term foo fighters was used by Allied aircraft pilots during World War II to describe various unidentified flying objects or mysterious aerial phenomena

Cloud iridescence (634 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Cloud iridescence or irisation is a colorful optical phenomenon that occurs in a cloud and appears in the general proximity of the Sun or Moon. The colors

Sevenfold Sun miracle (1,110 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The Sevenfold Sun Miracle was an atmospheric phenomenon witnessed in Gdańsk in 1661. It was a complex halo phenomenon, and was described by Georg Fehlau

Sun dog (2,647 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

A sun dog (or sundog) or mock sun, also called a parhelion (plural parhelia) in meteorology, is an atmospheric optical phenomenon that consists of a bright

22° halo (909 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

A 22° halo is an atmospheric optical phenomenon that consists of a halo with an apparent radius of approximately 22° around the Sun or Moon. When visible

Twinkling (573 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Twinkling, also called scintillation, is a generic term for variations in apparent brightness, colour, or position of a distant luminous object viewed

Glory (optical phenomenon) (1,361 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article

A glory is an optical phenomenon, resembling an iconic saint's halo around the shadow of the observer's head, caused by sunlight or (more rarely) moonlight

Moonbow (904 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

A moonbow (also known as a moon rainbow or lunar rainbow) is a rainbow produced by moonlight rather than direct sunlight. Other than the difference in

Light pillar (610 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

A light pillar or ice pillar is an atmospheric optical phenomenon in which a vertical beam of light appears to extend above and/or below a light source

Tropospheric scatter (3,403 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Tropospheric scatter, also known as troposcatter, is a method of communicating with microwave radio signals over considerable distances – often up to 500

Corona (optical phenomenon) (387 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article

In meteorology, a corona (plural coronae) is an optical phenomenon produced by the diffraction of sunlight or moonlight (or, occasionally, bright starlight

Alpenglow (385 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Alpenglow (from German: Alpenglühen, lit. 'Alps glow'; Italian: enrosadira) is an optical phenomenon that appears as a horizontal reddish glow near the

Diffuse sky radiation (1,951 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Diffuse sky radiation is solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface after having been scattered from the direct solar beam by molecules or particulates

Moon dog (200 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

A moon dog (or moondog) or mock moon, also called a paraselene (plural paraselenae) in meteorology, is an atmospheric optical phenomenon that consists

Diffuse sky radiation (1,951 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Diffuse sky radiation is solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface after having been scattered from the direct solar beam by molecules or particulates

Fog bow (429 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

A fog bow, sometimes called a white rainbow, is a similar phenomenon to a rainbow; however, as its name suggests, it appears as a bow in fog rather than

Altostratus cloud (3,206 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

altostratus clouds can contain ice crystals, they can produce some optical phenomena like iridescence and coronas. Altostratus clouds are generally gray

Tangent arc (472 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Tangent arcs are a type of halo, an atmospheric optical phenomenon, which appears above and below the observed Sun or Moon, tangent to the 22° halo. To

Heiligenschein (296 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Heiligenschein (German: [ˈhaɪlɪɡn̩ˌʃaɪn] ; lit. 'halo, aureola') is an optical phenomenon in which a bright spot appears around the shadow of the viewer's

Airship of Clonmacnoise (2,452 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The airship of Clonmacnoise is the subject of a historical anecdote related in numerous medieval sources. Though the original report, in the Irish annals

Sunbeam (693 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

A sunbeam, in meteorological optics, is a beam of sunlight that appears to radiate from the position of the Sun. Shining through openings in clouds or

Belt of Venus (497 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The Belt of Venus (also called Venus's Girdle, the antitwilight arch, or antitwilight) is an atmospheric phenomenon visible shortly before sunrise or after

Anticrepuscular rays (280 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Anticrepuscular rays, or antisolar rays, are meteorological optical phenomena similar to crepuscular rays, but appear opposite the Sun in the sky. Anticrepuscular

120° parhelion (183 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

A 120° parhelion (plural: 120° parhelia) is a relatively rare halo, an optical phenomenon occasionally appearing along with very bright sun dogs (also

Brocken spectre (1,426 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

A Brocken spectre (British English; American spelling: Brocken specter; German: Brockengespenst), also called Brocken bow, mountain spectre, or spectre

Circumzenithal arc (992 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

The circumzenithal arc, also called the circumzenith arc (CZA), upside-down rainbow, and the Bravais arc, is an optical phenomenon similar in appearance

Rainbow (9,123 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

supernumerary bows and reflection rainbows. Like most atmospheric optical phenomena, rainbows can be caused by light from the Sun, but also from the Moon

Ultrashort pulse laser (481 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

laser. Dealing with high optical powers also needs the nonlinear optical phenomena to be taken in account.[citation needed] Tsen and colleagues developed

Alexander's band (288 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Alexander's band or Alexander's dark band is an optical phenomenon associated with rainbows which was named after Alexander of Aphrodisias who first described

Looming and similar refraction phenomena (1,196 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

While mirages are the best known atmospheric refraction phenomena, looming and similar refraction phenomena do not produce mirages. Mirages show an extra

Ionized-air glow (1,239 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Ionized-air glow is the luminescent emission of characteristic blue–purple–violet light, often of a color called electric blue, by air subjected to an

Subparhelic circle (161 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

horizon. Located on the subparhelic circle are several relatively rare optical phenomena: the subsun, the subparhelia, the 120° subparhelia, Liljequist subparhelia

Aureole effect (339 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

The aureole effect or water aureole is an optical phenomenon similar to Heiligenschein, creating sparkling light and dark rays radiating from the shadow

Anthelion (298 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

An anthelion (plural anthelia, from late Greek ανθηλιος, "opposite the sun") is a rare optical phenomenon of the halo family. It appears on the parhelic

Parry arc (433 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

A Parry arc is a rare halo, an optical phenomenon which occasionally appears over a 22° halo together with an upper tangent arc. The halo was first described

Novaya Zemlya effect (505 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The Novaya Zemlya effect is a polar mirage caused by high refraction of sunlight between atmospheric thermal layers. The effect gives the impression that

Cyanometer (549 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

A cyanometer (from cyan and -meter) is an instrument for measuring "blueness", specifically the colour intensity of blue sky. It is attributed to Horace-Bénédict

Fata Morgana (mirage) (4,994 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

inversion in this case could be observed. It may be added that these optical phenomena in regard to the vessels could only be seen with the aid of a telescope

Sky brightness (1,449 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Sky brightness refers to the visual perception of the sky and how it scatters and diffuses light. The fact that the sky is not completely dark at night

Subsun (201 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

A subsun (also spelled sub-sun) is an optical phenomenon that appears as a glowing spot visible within clouds or mist when observed from above. The subsun

Cirrus spissatus cloud (291 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

There is no precipitation at the ground. It also frequently exhibits optical phenomena. Cirrus spissatus is the dense cirrus that will partly or completely

Sylvanshine (208 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Sylvanshine is an optical phenomenon in which dew-covered foliage with wax-coated leaves retroreflect beams of light, as from a vehicle's headlights. This

Atmospheric refraction (3,678 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Atmospheric refraction is the deviation of light or other electromagnetic wave from a straight line as it passes through the atmosphere due to the variation

Atmospheric refraction (3,678 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Atmospheric refraction is the deviation of light or other electromagnetic wave from a straight line as it passes through the atmosphere due to the variation

46° halo (411 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

A 46° halo is a rare atmospheric optical phenomenon that consists of a halo with an apparent radius of approximately 46° around the Sun. At solar elevations

Noctilucent cloud (4,689 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Noctilucent clouds, or night shining clouds, are tenuous cloud-like phenomena in the upper atmosphere of Earth. When viewed from space, they are called

Infralateral arc (238 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

An infralateral arc (or lower lateral tangent arc) is a rare halo, an optical phenomenon appearing similar to a rainbow under a white parhelic circle.

Monochrome rainbow (177 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

A monochrome or red rainbow is an optical and meteorological phenomenon and a rare variation of the more commonly seen multicolored rainbow. Its formation

Computation of radiowave attenuation in the atmosphere (1,395 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The computation of radiowave attenuation in the atmosphere is a series of radio propagation models and methods to estimate the path loss due to attenuation

Sun glitter (420 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Sun glitter is a bright, sparkling light formed when sunlight reflects from water waves. The waves may be caused by natural movement of the water, or by

Parhelic circle (575 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

A parhelic circle is a type of halo, an optical phenomenon appearing as a horizontal white line on the same altitude as the Sun, or occasionally the Moon

Circumscribed halo (326 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

A circumscribed halo is a type of halo, an optical phenomenon typically in the form of a more or less oval ring that circumscribes the circular 22° halo

Supralateral arc (503 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

A supralateral arc is a comparatively rare member of the halo family which in its complete form appears as a large, faintly rainbow-colored band in a wide

Iceblink (87 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Iceblink is a white light seen near the horizon, especially on the underside of low clouds, resulting from reflection of light off an ice field immediately

Subhelic arc (293 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Look up subhelic arc in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. A subhelic arc is a rare halo, formed by internal reflection through ice crystals, that curves

Sunglint (372 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Sunglint is a phenomenon that occurs when sunlight reflects off the surface of the ocean at the same angle that a satellite or other sensor is viewing

Kern arc (326 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

The Kern arc is an extremely rare atmospheric optical phenomenon belonging to the family of ice crystal halos. It is a complete and faint circle around

Mirage of astronomical objects (2,732 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

A mirage of an astronomical object is a meteorological optical phenomenon, in which light rays are bent to produce distorted or multiple images of an astronomical

STEVE (3,773 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

STEVE (Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement) is an atmospheric optical phenomenon that appears as a purple and green light ribbon in the sky, named

Crown flash (518 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Crown flash is a rarely observed meteorological phenomenon caused by the effect of atmospheric electrical fluctuations on the alignment of ice crystals

Photometeor (105 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

In atmospheric optics, a photometeor is a bright object or other optical phenomenon appearing in the Earth's atmosphere when sunlight or moonlight creates

Bishop's Ring (644 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

A Bishop's Ring is a diffuse brown or bluish halo observed around the sun. It is typically observed after large volcanic eruptions. The first recorded

List of effects (3,442 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

physics) (foundational quantum physics) Aureole effect (atmospheric optical phenomena) (scientific terminology) Autler–Townes effect (atomic, molecular

Water sky (199 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Water sky is a phenomenon that is closely related to ice blink. It forms in regions with large areas of ice and low-lying clouds and so is limited mostly

Aurorasaurus (402 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Aurorasaurus is a citizen science project which tracks auroras through crowdsourced observations from a mobile app and social media, namely Twitter and

Optics (12,795 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

X-rays, microwaves, and radio waves exhibit similar properties. Most optical phenomena can be accounted for by using the classical electromagnetic description

Exoelectron emission (160 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

distinguished. Thus, EE is an electron emission analogue of such optical phenomena as phosphorescence, thermo- and photostimulated luminescence. Oster

Terrestrial atmospheric lens (372 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

A Terrestrial Atmospheric Lens is a theoretical method of using the Earth as a large lens with a physical effect called atmospheric refraction. The sun's

Liljequist parhelion (535 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

A Liljequist parhelion is a rare halo, an optical phenomenon in the form of a brightened spot on the parhelic circle approximately 150–160° from the sun;

Air mass (astronomy) (4,920 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article

In astronomy, air mass or airmass is a measure of the amount of air along the line of sight when observing a star or other celestial source from below

Atmospheric ghost lights (1,436 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

lights such as St. Elmo's fire or the shiranui have been explained as optical phenomena of light emitted through electrical activity. Other types may be due

Optical toys (392 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

developed in the 19th century. People must have experimented with optical phenomena since prehistoric times and played with objects that influenced the

Silicon photonics (6,366 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

light through silicon devices is governed by a range of nonlinear optical phenomena including the Kerr effect, the Raman effect, two-photon absorption

Aurora (12,313 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

An aurora (pl. aurorae or auroras), also commonly known as the northern lights (aurora borealis) or southern lights (aurora australis), is a natural light

Chappuis absorption (1,457 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Chappuis absorption (French: [ʃapɥi]) refers to the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by ozone, which is especially noticeable in the ozone layer

Ashen light (1,918 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

phenomenon's cause are numerous, such as emission of light by Venus, or optical phenomena within the observing telescope itself. A modern hypothesis as to the

Rollo Russell (1,560 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

effects of the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa. His paper, On the Unusual Optical Phenomena of the Atmosphere, 1883–1886 co-authored with E. Douglas Archibald

Rayleigh sky model (4,032 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The Rayleigh sky model describes the observed polarization pattern of the daytime sky. Within the atmosphere, Rayleigh scattering of light by air molecules

Ulf Leonhardt (1,011 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

reverse Casimir effect, metamaterial cloaking, quantum effects of optical phenomena involving Hawking radiation and light in moving media. In 1993, Leonhardt

Ronald Fuchs (675 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

properties of solids, light scattering of small particles and nonlocal optical phenomena. Ernest Ronald Fuchs was born in Los Angeles, California in 1932,

Jean Bosler (378 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

dealt with the then recent discoveries of Hubble and the work on optical phenomena of such physicists as Michelson, Fabry and Perot. Bosler won the Prix

Institute of Solid State Physics (Bulgaria) (1,182 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

a new and perspective subject. Laboratory of Photoelectrical and optical phenomena in wide band gap semiconductors occurs in the Institute of Physics

Unidentified flying object (20,017 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

seen with the naked eye, planetary conjunctions, and atmospheric optical phenomena such as parhelia and lenticular clouds.[citation needed] One particularly

Mikhail Rusinov (676 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

USSR Science School of Computational Optics and discovered several optical phenomena, including aberration vignetting (1938), projection centre distortion

Wolfgang Sellmeier (417 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

up ordinary matter was not yet taken into account when explaining optical phenomena. In his 1872 publication, Sellmeier conjectured that light-matter

Thomas Ashcraft (822 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

luminous events (lightning sprites), meteoric fireballs, solar radio and optical phenomena, and Jupiter radio emissions. He is an artist and citizen scientist

Paul Cézanne (15,202 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Expressionism. Cézanne's explorations of geometric simplification and optical phenomena inspired Picasso, Braque, Metzinger, Gleizes, Gris and others to experiment

Light beam (401 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

diameter Collimated beam Crepuscular rays Light pillar, atmospheric optical phenomena Pencil beam Ray (optics) Relativistic beaming A short video showing

Luminiferous aether (9,481 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the question of the motion of the solar system by observations of optical phenomena at the surface of the earth. — A. Michelson and E. Morley. "On the

David L. Andrews (2,520 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

and his research group are known for wide-ranging theory work on optical phenomena, developing quantum electrodynamical theory and symmetry principles

Principles of Optics (3,259 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

1933, Springer published Max Born's book Optik, which dealt with all optical phenomena for which the methods of classical physics, and Maxwell's equations

STS-75 (1,048 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Shuttle Potential and Return Electron Experiment (SPREE), Tether Optical Phenomena Experiment (TOP), Investigation of Electromagnetic Emissions by the

Second-harmonic generation (6,435 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

SHG. Second-harmonic generation, like other even-order nonlinear optical phenomena, is not allowed in media with inversion symmetry (in the leading electric

Hendrik Lorentz (4,860 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

made of this principle. His results concerning electromagnetic and optical phenomena agree in the main with those which we have obtained in the preceding

Boubacar Kanté (610 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. His research focuses on optical phenomena at a very small scale, developing nanostructures to harness the interaction

Jet stream (8,672 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the optical phenomena. By the Hon. Rollo Russell., pages 263–312. Part IV., Section III. (A). General geographic distribution of all the optical phenomena

Lorraine Shemesh (2,332 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

towards abstraction, with figures dissolving into faithfully rendered optical phenomena or geometric patterning. Describing these qualities, Art in America

Barbara Bell (astronomer) (1,281 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

"Solar radio bursts of spectral types II and IV: their relations to optical phenomena and to geomagnetic activity" (1963) "Lunar eclipses and the forecasting

2D-plus-depth (1,026 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

handle reflection, refraction (beyond simple transparency) and other optical phenomena. Creation of accurate 2D-plus-Depth can be costly and difficult, though

Interplanetary medium (1,502 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

ionised material. The interplanetary medium is responsible for several optical phenomena visible from Earth. Zodiacal light is a broad band of faint light

Optical rotation (4,739 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

light is reversed, in contrast to magnetic Faraday rotation. All optical phenomena have some nonlocality/wavevector influence but it is usually negligible;

Strobo Trip (547 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

other format. On Monday, October 14, 2019, Google paid tribute to the optical phenomena demonstrated in the Strobo Trip Toy via the Google homepage Doodle

Sailing Directions (1,042 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

magnetic field, meteorology, mined areas, navigational information, optical phenomena, pilotage, pollution, regulations, routes, seas, ship reporting systems

Rudy Horne (972 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

continued to study four-wave mixing. His work considered nonlinear optical phenomena. He uncovered effects in parity-time symmetric systems. Horne was

European Physical Journal D (235 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Nanostructures Cold Matter and Quantum Gases Plasma Physics Nonlinear Dynamics Optical Phenomena and Photonics Quantum Optics Quantum Information Ultraintense and

The Green Ray (675 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

universities of Oxford and Edinburgh Green flashes and green rays are rare optical phenomena that occur shortly before sunset or after sunrise, when a green spot

Hidden face (disambiguation) (123 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

Hidden face is an optical phenomena. Hidden face or Hidden faces may also refer to: The Hidden Face, 1944 book by Ida Friederike Görres The Hidden Face

Fourth dimension in art (1,672 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

as Cézanne. Cézanne's explorations of geometric simplification and optical phenomena inspired the Cubists to experiment with simultaneity, complex multiple

Anna Carlgren (307 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

glass museum in Växjö, Sweden. Her main focus is transparency and optical phenomena in glass. She writes and lectures on this subject whilst exhibiting

2010 California contrail incident (2,598 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

On the evening of Monday, November 8, 2010, an unusually conspicuous contrail appeared about 35 miles west of Los Angeles, California in the vicinity of

Sky (2,777 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the situation is more complex. Green flashes and green rays are optical phenomena that occur shortly after sunset or before sunrise, when a green spot

Aether (classical element) (2,348 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

rejected the existence and necessity of aether to explain the various optical phenomena. These theories were supported by the results of the Michelson–Morley

Aron Pinczuk (1,555 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

S2CID 14719674. Lockwood, David J.; Pinczuk, Aron, eds. (6 December 2012). Optical Phenomena in Semiconductor Structures of Reduced Dimensions. Springer. ISBN 9789401119122

Aron Pinczuk (1,555 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

S2CID 14719674. Lockwood, David J.; Pinczuk, Aron, eds. (6 December 2012). Optical Phenomena in Semiconductor Structures of Reduced Dimensions. Springer. ISBN 9789401119122

Galina Khitrova (272 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Optical Society in 2007, "for leadership in research in fundamental optical phenomena in semiconductor nanostructures". She was named a Fellow of the American

Nonlinear optics (6,420 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

incident light. These nonlinear interactions give rise to a host of optical phenomena: Second-harmonic generation (SHG), or frequency doubling, generation

Sprite (lightning) (1,844 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

discharges. Sprites are associated with various other upper-atmospheric optical phenomena including blue jets and ELVES. The earliest known report is by Toynbee

Hill Tinsley Medal (116 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

nanoparticles 2015 Stéphane Coen University of Auckland Nonlinear optical phenomena in optical fibres 2016 Guy Jameson University of Otago Chemistry of

Refraction (2,540 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

temperature variations close to the surface can give rise to other optical phenomena, such as mirages and Fata Morgana. Most commonly, air heated by a

Born approximation (1,154 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Born approximation is almost always adequate, except for neutron optical phenomena like internal total reflection in a neutron guide, or grazing-incidence

Great Comet of 1577 (2,393 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

within the astronomical community. Galileo claimed that comets were optical phenomena, and that this made their parallaxes impossible to measure. However

Emission theory (vision) (1,069 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

Alhazen's Book of Optics. The illustration incorporates many examples of optical phenomena including perspective effects, the rainbow, mirrors, and refraction

Composition (visual arts) (2,943 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

taken up by (positive) or in between (negative) objects Lines are optical phenomena that allow the artist to direct the eye of the viewer. The optical

Ursa (Finland) (244 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

meteorology): Solar section Halo section Instrument section Atmospheric optical phenomena section Clubs and organization Lunar, planetary and cometary section

Cloud chamber (1,872 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

began to develop expansion chambers for studying cloud formation and optical phenomena in moist air. Very rapidly he discovered that ions could act as centers

Geraldine L. Richmond (2,099 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

at interfaces accomplished by innovative applications of nonlinear optical phenomena." 1996 Francis P. Garvan-Olin Medal of the American Chemical Society

Open Source Physics (923 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

also has a line profile tool for measuring light spectra and other optical phenomena. Tracker 1.0 was distributed on disc at the 2003 Summer Meeting of

History of special relativity (16,597 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

assumption, Fresnel was able to explain the aberration of light and many optical phenomena. The other hypothesis was proposed by George Gabriel Stokes, who stated

Augusto Righi (675 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

electric oscillations: Experimental study of phenomena analogous to optical phenomena by means of electromagnetic waves) (in Italian). Bologna, Italy: Nicola

Nikolay Cheburkin (849 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

atmospheric trace to 2 km using phase conjugation". Icono '98: Nonlinear Optical Phenomena and Coherent Optics in Information Technologies. 3733: 249–257. Bibcode:1999SPIE

Photomagnetic effect (427 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

optical frequencies, and should lead to the discovery of new magneto-optical phenomena and the realization of low-loss homogeneous optical media with negative

UFO sightings in the United States (700 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

"The Lights Over Phoenix", is the popular name given to a series of optical phenomena that took place in the sky over the US states of Arizona and Nevada

Cavity ring-down spectroscopy (1,519 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

cavity, the decay constant is dependent on mirror loss and various optical phenomena like scattering and refraction: τ0=nc⋅l1−R+X{\displaystyle \tau _{0}={\frac

Galen Rowell (1,196 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Fund. Rowell was particularly keen on seeking out and photographing optical phenomena in the natural world. He referred to his landscape photographs as

Günther Uecker (1,208 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

German Informel. He occupied himself with the medium of light, studied optical phenomena, series of structures and the realms of oscillation that actively

Atmospheric optics ray-tracing codes (443 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

amplitudes and phases. Such ray tracing techniques are used to describe optical phenomena such as rainbow of halo on hexagonal ice crystals for large particles

Ceramic (4,851 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

spectrum. This heat-seeking ability is responsible for such diverse optical phenomena as night-vision and IR luminescence. Thus, there is an increasing

2D computer graphics (3,728 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

do not provide for three-dimensional shapes, or three-dimensional optical phenomena such as lighting, shadows, reflection, refraction, etc. However, they

Rumford Medal (758 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

award — — — 1846 Michael Faraday British "For his discovery of the optical phenomena developed by the action of magnets and electric currents in certain

High-dynamic-range rendering (2,351 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

brightness. HDR rendering also affects how light is preserved in optical phenomena such as reflections and refractions, as well as transparent materials

Electromagnetic mass (5,474 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon (1899). "Simplified Theory of Electrical and Optical Phenomena in Moving Systems" . Proceedings of the Royal Netherlands Academy

Lorentz ether theory (10,746 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

and Optical Phenomena in Moving Bodies], Leiden: E.J. Brill Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon (1899), "Simplified Theory of Electrical and Optical Phenomena in Moving

N-slit interferometric equation (1,867 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

interferometric approach is one of several approaches applied to describe basic optical phenomena in a cohesive and unified manner. Note: given the various terminologies

Coherent perfect absorber (1,626 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

with chirality and anisotropy, as well as refraction and nonlinear optical phenomena. Coherent perfect absorbers can be used to build absorptive interferometers

Path tracing (2,266 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

incorrectly simulated by the algorithm. Path tracing is confounded by optical phenomena not contained in the three principles. For example, Bright, sharp

Frederic Ives Medal (446 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

contributions to the exploration of all aspects in the field of nonlinear optical phenomena, and his successes in the role of teacher and interpreter of science

T-symmetry (4,191 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

is analyzed. This allows one to analyze the conditions under which optical phenomena that locally break time-reversal, such as Faraday isolators and directional

Royal Society Bakerian Medal (3,625 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Refractions. 1837 William Henry Fox Talbot, Further Observations on the Optical Phenomena of Crystals. 1836 John William Lubbock, On the Tides of the Port of

Emil Cohn (1,346 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

himself believed that the validity of Lorentz's theory is limited to optical phenomena, whereas in his own theory it is possible that mechanical clocks might

John Hall Gladstone (1,520 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

change occurs continuously or discretely, in atomic proportions. Optical phenomena and the properties of elements and compounds in relation to light

1815 eruption of Mount Tambora (4,192 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Longitudinal winds spread these fine particles around the globe, creating optical phenomena. Prolonged and brilliantly coloured sunsets and twilights were seen

Caspar David Friedrich (6,718 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

light, and of the illumination of sun and moon on clouds and water: optical phenomena peculiar to the Baltic coast that had never before been painted with

History of Lorentz transformations (13,823 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

and Optical Phenomena in Moving Bodies], Leiden: E.J. Brill Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon (1899), "Simplified Theory of Electrical and Optical Phenomena in Moving

Ibn al-Haytham (15,086 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

that Alhazen made and how he used his results to explain certain optical phenomena using mechanical analogies. He conducted experiments with projectiles

Augustin-Jean Fresnel (26,129 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

fragmented state in which he found the subject. In this subsection, optical phenomena that were unexplained or whose explanations were disputed are named

Varley F. Sears (422 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Sears 1989: Neutron optics: an introduction to the theory of neutron optical phenomena and their applications - Oxford University Press. Review by Anton

3D optical data storage (4,191 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

signals, is technically feasible. Although there are many nonlinear optical phenomena, only multiphoton absorption is capable of injecting into the media

Gregory Pikus (882 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

E. Pikus. Superlattices and other heterostructures: symmetry and optical phenomena (Springer, 2012), 2nd edition. Kohn, W.; Efros, A.; Rashba, E.; Ivchenko

Varley F. Sears (422 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Sears 1989: Neutron optics: an introduction to the theory of neutron optical phenomena and their applications - Oxford University Press. Review by Anton

Computational imaging (2,054 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

In general, compressive spectral imaging systems exploit different optical phenomena such as spatial, spectral, or spatial-spectral coding and dispersion

Galaxy (15,730 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Bouali, H.-E.; Zghal, M.; Lakhdar, Z. B. (2005). "Popularisation of Optical Phenomena: Establishing the First Ibn Al-Haytham Workshop on Photography" (PDF)

Aether drag hypothesis (3,202 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Arago concerning the influence of terrestrial movement on several optical phenomena", General Science Journal, 23 January 2006 (PDF, 8 pp.). G. W. Hammar

Chrysiridia rhipheus (3,677 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Madagascan sunset moth's wings are produced by the conjunction of two optical phenomena: An air-cuticle multilayer in the scales creates optical interference

Mass in special relativity (6,138 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

1080/14786449708621072 H. A. Lorentz (1899), "Simplified Theory of Electrical and Optical Phenomena in Moving Systems" , Proceedings of the Royal Netherlands Academy

Street light (7,744 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

misused[citation needed], and cause light pollution. There are three optical phenomena that need to be recognized in streetlight installations. The loss

Indian peafowl (7,269 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

pigments but from the micro-structure of the feathers and the resulting optical phenomena. The long train feathers (and tarsal spurs) of the male develop only

Maxwell's equations (7,740 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

205–300. Lorentz Hendrik (1899). "Simplified theory of electrical and optical phenomena in moving systems" . Proc. Acad. Science Amsterdam. I: 427–443. Lorentz

Baden Powell (mathematician) (3,475 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article

Truth 1848 On Shooting Stars. 1849 On the Nebular Theory. 1850 On Optical Phenomena in Astronomy. 1851 On Foucault's Pendulum Experiment 1852 On Light

Doha (14,361 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the extremely torrid climatic conditions. This can include creating optical phenomena such as shadows, as well as more expensive techniques like ventilation

Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky (5,286 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

liable to get out of adjustment. Some designs were also subject to optical phenomena that could cause noticeably uneven color or other defects in the results

Cosmology in medieval Islam (8,009 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Hamid-Eddine; Zghal, Mourad; Lakhdar, Zohra Ben (2005). "Popularisation of Optical Phenomena: Establishing the First Ibn Al-Haytham Workshop on Photography" (PDF)

Death Valley National Park (7,056 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

unaided eye under these conditions, and the Milky Way casts shadows; optical phenomena such as zodiacal light or "false dawn" and gegenschein are also visible

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscope (3,802 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

optical fiber, or conventional arc sources TIRFM is predicated on the optical phenomena of total internal reflection, in which waves arriving at a medium

François Arago (3,574 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

passage through certain translucent substances and on some other new optical phenomena), Mémoires de la classe des sciences mathématiques et physiques de

Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (11,371 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

courts, the questions Frederick sent to Muslim scholars, regarding optical phenomena like the curving of objects in water as well as the alleged immortality

First voyage of James Cook (7,906 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

been hoped. The difficulties are today thought to relate to various optical phenomena (including the Black drop effect), that precluded accurate measurement –

NASU Institute of Physics (2,674 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Also, scientific interest expand to investigations of nonlinear optical phenomena in semiconductor crystals, molecular crystals and liquid crystals

Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (9,928 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

and cones. Cézanne's explorations of geometric simplification and optical phenomena inspired Picasso, Braque, Metzinger, Gleizes, Robert Delaunay, Le

Société des Artistes Indépendants (6,796 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of Cubism. Cézanne's explorations of geometric simplification and optical phenomena inspired not just Matisse, Derain, Braque and Metzinger, but the other

Photonic crystal (7,086 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

wavelengths are called photonic band gaps. This gives rise to distinct optical phenomena, such as inhibition of spontaneous emission, high-reflecting omni-directional

Timeline of knowledge about galaxies, clusters of galaxies, and large-scale structure (3,274 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Bouali; Mourad Zghal; Zohra Ben Lakhdar (2005). "Popularisation of Optical Phenomena: Establishing the First Ibn Al-Haytham Workshop on Photography" (PDF)

Enigma tornado outbreak (2,827 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

hail[citation needed], and was illuminated by continual lightning and unusual optical phenomena. Several small homes were destroyed in Cary. Five people were injured

Michelson–Morley experiment (10,062 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon (1895), Attempt of a Theory of Electrical and Optical Phenomena in Moving Bodies , Leiden: E.J. Brill, Bibcode:1895eobk.book.....L

Josiah Willard Gibbs (10,167 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

physical optics, in which he investigated birefringence and other optical phenomena and defended Maxwell's electromagnetic theory of light against the

History of quantum mechanics (9,465 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

continuous models of light worked extremely well for time-averaged optical phenomena, for instantaneous transitions the energy in light may occur a finite

John C. Slater (8,015 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Spectroscopy, Applied Optics, Discharge of Electricity in Gases, Magneto-Optical Phenomena, Studies of Dielectrics, and various aspects of modern and classical

Shin Sung-chul (1,047 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

characterization of magnetic materials, magnetic anisotropy, and magneto-optical phenomena. Especially, he played a pioneering role in the research of nanospinics

Jesús Rafael Soto (2,689 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Mondrian and the constructivists, Soto started to experiment with optical phenomena and op art and then he began to make art that was more than just pictures

Laser Inertial Fusion Energy (6,459 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

reach these levels. Each increase in energy led to new and unexpected optical phenomena that had to be overcome, but these were largely solved by the mid-1970s

Bathers (Metzinger) (3,772 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

to the advent of Cubism, Cézanne's geometric simplifications and optical phenomena inspired not just Metzinger, Matisse, Derain and Braque, but the other

Elisabeth Gwinn (1,248 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

which became predominantly focused in spectroscopy and the study of optical phenomena in nanosystems. Despite the seemingly significant shift in her main

Special relativity (20,736 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

excited by oscillating ions". Attempt at a Theory of Electrical and Optical Phenomena in Moving Bodies (Versuch einer Theorie der electrischen und optischen

Voigt effect (3,165 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

eigenvalues and eigenvectors. As usual, from this tensor, magneto-optical phenomena are described mainly by the off-diagonal elements. Here, one considers

Vädersolstavlan (6,829 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

misinterpreted arcs of the circumscribed halo, are rather frequent optical phenomena which appear when sunlight is refracted by hexagonal ice crystals

Cataract surgery (15,166 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Unexpected optical results due to defects of the IOL; Undesirable optical phenomena reported by the patient due to any other cause. Cataract surgery and

Aberration (astronomy) (7,949 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

motion through the aether. In this way, aberration (and all related optical phenomena) can be accounted for in the context of an immobile aether. Lorentz'

Deductive-nomological model (12,177 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of the theory in 1815, and used it to predict some surprising new optical phenomena. Optical experiments confirmed Fresnel's predictions, convincing many

Relativity priority dispute (8,478 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

[Lor99]:Lorentz, H. A. (1899) "Simplified Theory of Electrical and Optical Phenomena in Moving Systems", Proc. Acad. Science Amsterdam, I, 427–43. [Lor04]:

Frédérique Vanholsbeeck (765 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

a PhD at the Université libre de Bruxelles, working on non-linear optical phenomena of light. After a year as a postdoctoral researcher at the University

Chirality timeline (1,365 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

passage through certain transparent materials and some other new optical phenomena]. Mém. Classe Sci. Math. Phys. Inst. Impérial France (in French).

Jean-Pierre Leburton (2,140 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Grigory (1995). Superlattices and Other Heterostructures Symmetry and Optical Phenomena. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. ISBN 978-3642975899

Elias Burstein (2,923 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

achievements have had a major impact on the understanding of fundamental optical phenomena that are exhibited by condensed matter. His early work with diamond-structure

Kenny Biddle (1,202 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Skeptical Inquiry Joe Nickell. His expertise in photography and how optical phenomena generate peculiar images on film attracted the attention of Benjamin

Proto-Cubism (17,184 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of Cubism. Cézanne's explorations of geometric simplification and optical phenomena inspired not just Matisse, Derain, Braque and Metzinger, but the other

Phonon polariton (2,451 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

for manipulating electromagnetic fields at nanoscale and enhancing optical phenomena. Phonon polaritons only result from coupling of transverse optical

Women in physics (7,798 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Hilda Hänchen, in collaboration with Fritz Goos, demonstrates a new optical phenomena, now known as the Goos–Hänchen effect. 1949: Rosemary Brown (later

Einstein's thought experiments (13,967 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

wave theory's long and indisputable success in explaining purely optical phenomena. Second was the fact that his 1905 paper, which pointed out that certain

Fourier optics (12,123 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

is not. For our current task, we must expand our understanding of optical phenomena to encompass wave optics, in which the optical field is seen as a

Timeline of special relativity and the speed of light (3,821 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Arago concerning the influence of terrestrial movement on several optical phenomena", General Science Journal, 23 January 2006 (PDF, 8 pp.). Stokes, George

Transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers (10,301 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

inversion center. Two important consequences of that are: nonlinear optical phenomena, such as second-harmonic generation. When the crystal is excited by

Acceleration (special relativity) (7,117 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article

Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon (1899). "Simplified Theory of Electrical and Optical Phenomena in Moving Systems" . Proceedings of the Royal Netherlands Academy

General relativity priority dispute (5,416 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

[Lor99]:Lorentz, H. A. (1899) "Simplified Theory of Electrical and Optical Phenomena in Moving Systems", Proc. Acad. Science Amsterdam, I, 427–43. [Lor04]:

Perovskite nanocrystal (10,979 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

reported to exhibit very high degree of structural order and unusual optical phenomena such as superfluorescence. In the case of these superlattices, it

The Head of the Virgin in Three-Quarter View Facing Right (3,067 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the work represented a condensation of the painter's research into optical phenomena, resulting in a very homogeneous and fluid sfumato. Since then, most

Higher order coherence (5,132 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Perina, Jan (1991-11-30). Quantum Statistics of Linear and Nonlinear Optical Phenomena. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9780792311713. Gerry, Christopher;

History of photographic lens design (16,088 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

constructed to or cannot stay in specification. There are additional optical phenomena that can degrade image quality but are not considered aberrations

Archaeo-optics (10,890 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

that has to be taken into account when observing and interpreting optical phenomena within their passages and chambers. Passage tombs across Europe have

Optical glass (7,668 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

fluence (or flux) is sufficient to create higher-order non-linear optical phenomena such as multiphonon absorption and avalanche photo-ionization. The