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searching for Null hypothesis 199 found (437 total)

Kruskal–Wallis test (2,415 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

distribution for all groups, except for any difference in medians, then the null hypothesis is that the medians of all groups are equal, and the alternative hypothesis

Wilcoxon signed-rank test (7,161 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

-value by comparing T {\displaystyle T} to its distribution under the null hypothesis. The ranks are defined so that R i {\displaystyle R_{i}} is the number

Johansen test (688 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

eigenvalue, and the inferences might be a little bit different. The null hypothesis for the trace test is that the number of cointegration vectors is r = r* < k

Pearson's chi-squared test (5,762 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

categories. They satisfy ∑ i O i = N {\displaystyle \sum _{i}O_{i}=N} . The null hypothesis is that the count numbers are sampled from a multinomial distribution

Unit root test (366 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

time series variable is non-stationary and possesses a unit root. The null hypothesis is generally defined as the presence of a unit root and the alternative

Fisher's method (1,480 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

statistics, usually from separate studies having the same null hypothesis. The meta-analysis null hypothesis is that all of the separate null hypotheses are true

Cooperativity (1,951 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

statistically underrepresented relative to a hypothetical standard system (null hypothesis) where the steps occur independently of each other. Likewise, a definition

Political Studies Review (121 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

including: original research articles, review articles, early results, the null hypothesis, and symposia and new ideas in the field of political science and international

Bias (statistics) (2,060 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

Type I error happens when the null hypothesis is correct but is rejected. For instance, suppose that the null hypothesis is that if the average driving

Spurious relationship (1,768 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

occurred in less than (say) 5% of data samples if the null hypothesis were true. While a true null hypothesis will be accepted 95% of the time, the other 5%

Dichotomous thinking (498 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

discontinuity in the possible values that a p-value can take during null hypothesis significance testing: it is either above the significance threshold

Tukey's test of additivity (753 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

test statistic proposed by Tukey has one degree of freedom under the null hypothesis, hence this is often called "Tukey's one-degree-of-freedom test." The

ALCAT test (494 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

for those with irritable bowel syndrome "These findings reject the null hypothesis and show that a diet guided by leucocyte activation testing results

Sargan–Hansen test (358 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

cross-product of the residuals and exogenous variables.: 132–33 Under the null hypothesis that the over-identifying restrictions are valid, the statistic is

P-rep (594 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Whereas a p-value is the probability of obtaining a result under the null hypothesis, p-rep purports to compute the probability of replicating an effect

Cochran's Q test (727 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

used to test the null hypothesis that all questions were equally likely to elicit the answer "Yes". Cochran's Q test is Null hypothesis (H0): the treatments

Experimental design diagram (84 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of an experiment. It includes a title, the research hypothesis and null hypothesis, the independent variable, the levels of the independent variable,

Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel statistics (931 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

T_{i}}}},} The null hypothesis is that there is no association between the treatment and the outcome. More precisely, the null hypothesis is H 0 : R = 1

T-statistic (1,496 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

is used in a t-test to determine whether to support or reject the null hypothesis. It is very similar to the z-score but with the difference that t-statistic

Omnibus test (6,180 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

The F statistic is distributed F(k-1,n-k),(α) under assumption of null hypothesis and normality assumption. F test is considered robust in some situations

Rejecta Mathematica (286 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

by unconventional journals like Annals of Improbable Research, the Null Hypothesis: The Journal of Unlikely Science, the Journal of Irreproducible Results

Squared deviations from the mean (1,013 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

the population variance σ 2 {\displaystyle \sigma ^{2}} . Under the Null Hypothesis that the treatments have no effect, then each of the T i {\displaystyle

Adaptationism (2,412 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Today, molecular evolutionists often cite neutral evolution as the null hypothesis in evolutionary studies, i.e., offering a direct contrast to the adaptationist

Haybittle–Peto boundary (430 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

as extreme or more between the treatments is found, given that the null hypothesis is true, then the trial should be stopped early. The final analysis

Vuong's closeness test (983 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

partially non-nested (also called overlapping). The statistic tests the null hypothesis that the two models are equally close to the true data generating process

Codon Adaptation Index (412 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

number of codons' (Nc), which measure deviation from a uniform bias (null hypothesis), CAI measures the deviation of a given protein coding gene sequence

Main effect (1,279 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

main effect test will test the hypotheses expected such as H0, the null hypothesis. Running a hypothesis for a main effect will test whether there is

Asymptotic theory (statistics) (923 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

alternatives that are close to the null hypothesis, it is done within the so-called "local alternatives" framework: the null hypothesis is H0: θ = θ0 and the alternative

Point-biserial correlation coefficient (1,342 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{X}})^{2}}}\left({\frac {n_{1}n_{0}}{n}}\right)\,.} We can test the null hypothesis that the correlation is zero in the population. A little algebra shows

Raymond S. Nickerson (289 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Psychology: Applied. Topics he wrote about include: confirmation bias, null hypothesis significance testing, the exchange paradox the boy or girl paradox

Typical set (1,999 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

In information theory, the typical set is a set of sequences whose probability is close to two raised to the negative power of the entropy of their source

Neyman–Pearson lemma (2,804 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

errors. The trivial cases where one always rejects or accepts the null hypothesis are of little interest but it does prove that one must not relinquish

Geek Pop (1,180 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

inspired by science,. In the first festival, hosted by the website Null Hypothesis: The Journal of Unlikely Science, attendees were only able to download

Foraging (4,534 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Their goal was to quantify and formalize a set of models to test their null hypothesis that animals forage randomly. Important contributions to foraging theory

Levitation (physics) (1,163 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article

levitation, Yahoo! News". yahoo.com. "Levitation in Miniature, Null Hypothesis". null-hypothesis.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2011-07-17. Retrieved

Location testing for Gaussian scale mixture distributions (643 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

t-distribution for Gaussian scale mixtures. This means that if we test the null hypothesis that the center of a Gaussian scale mixture distribution is 0, say

Lindley's paradox (2,215 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

θ {\displaystyle \theta } is 0.5 or some other value. That is, our null hypothesis is H 0 : θ = 0.5 , {\displaystyle H_{0}:\theta =0.5,} and the alternative

JASP (1,064 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Equivalence T-Tests: Test the difference between two means with an interval-null hypothesis. JAGS: Implement Bayesian models with the JAGS program for Markov chain

Homoscedasticity and heteroscedasticity (3,191 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

estimation, a researcher might fail to reject a null hypothesis at a given significance level, when that null hypothesis was actually uncharacteristic of the actual

Growth in a Time of Debt (2,001 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

growth has been elusive. A 2022 meta-analysis was unable to reject the null hypothesis after controlling for publication bias. In their critique of Reinhart

Contrast set learning (2,181 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

significantly different." The support calculation comes from testing a null hypothesis that the contrast set support is equal across all groups (i.e., that

Quantitative marketing research (1,367 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

called alpha error) the study results lead to the rejection of the null hypothesis even though it is actually true type II error (also called beta error)

Cointegration (1,754 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

distributions under the null hypothesis of no-cointegration. Because of the spurious regression phenomenon under the null hypothesis, the distribution of

Mauchly's sphericity test (1,506 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

evaluate whether the sphericity assumption has been violated. The null hypothesis of sphericity and alternative hypothesis of non-sphericity in the above

Marketing research mix (1,326 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

it is "wrong" then we reject it. The first step is to formulate the null-hypothesis, abbreviated to Ho. This is usually intended to be rejected. Another

Odds ratio (6,962 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Under the null hypothesis that ψ = 1 , π = 1 / ( 1 + 1 ) = 0.5 {\displaystyle \psi =1,\pi =1/(1+1)=0.5} . Hence, we can test the null hypothesis that ψ =

Resampling (statistics) (2,178 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

assuming the null hypothesis. Based on the resampled data it can be concluded how likely the original data is to occur under the null hypothesis. Bootstrapping

Probability interpretations (4,321 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

relying on the law of large numbers and characterized by what is called 'Null Hypothesis Significance Testing' (NHST). Also the word "objective", as applied

Error exponents in hypothesis testing (805 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

density function of each observation Y i {\displaystyle Y_{i}} under the null hypothesis H 0 {\displaystyle H_{0}} and let f 1 {\displaystyle f_{1}} denote

F-distribution (2,371 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

which the F-distribution most generally appears in F-tests: where the null hypothesis is that two independent normal variances are equal, and the observed

Bartlett's test (687 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

to departures from normality. Bartlett's test is used to test the null hypothesis, H0 that all k population variances are equal against the alternative

Closed testing procedure (289 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

special case of a closed test procedure for which each intersection null hypothesis is tested using the simple Bonferroni test. As such, it controls the

Chi-squared distribution (6,375 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

particular, simple LRTs commonly provide the highest power to reject the null hypothesis (Neyman–Pearson lemma) and this leads also to optimality properties

Harmonic mean p-value (2,512 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{R}}}w_{i}}{\sum _{i\in {\mathcal {R}}}w_{i}/p_{i}}}.} Reject the null hypothesis that none of the p-values in subset R {\textstyle {\mathcal {R}}} are

Van der Waerden test (772 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of the chi-squared distribution with k − 1 degrees of freedom. The null hypothesis is rejected if the test statistic is in the critical region. If the

Verification and validation of computer simulation models (2,364 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

α is small then rejecting the null hypothesis is a strong conclusion. For example, if α = 0.05 and the null hypothesis is rejected there is only a 0.05

Shlomo Sawilowsky (2,294 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

constructing robust estimators; using effect sizes obtained when the null hypothesis has been retained inflates Type I errors in meta-analysis; and setting

NHST (48 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

NHST may refer to: NHST Media Group Null hypothesis significance testing, also known as statistical hypothesis testing This disambiguation page lists

Random walk hypothesis (1,491 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

evidence is the simple volatility-based specification test, which has a null hypothesis that states: X t = μ + X t − 1 + ϵ t {\displaystyle X_{t}=\mu +X_{t-1}+\epsilon

Knitr (444 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

and the third sentence would be replaced to reflect rejection of the null hypothesis. Using this workflow allows creating new reports simply by supplying

Evidence of absence (1,501 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

fatally flawed from the outset, since it is not possible to prove the null hypothesis, i.e. the absence of a memory trace. Eichenbaum, Howard. "Persistence:

Park test (661 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

connection between the residuals and the regressors. We reject the null hypothesis of homoscedasticity and conclude that heteroscedasticity is present

Collocation (1,320 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

is the probability of w 1 w 2 {\displaystyle w_{1}w_{2}} under the null-hypothesis that w 1 {\displaystyle w_{1}} and w 2 {\displaystyle w_{2}} appear

Lady Macbeth effect (509 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

and Liljenquist (2006)" (PDF). Journal of Articles in Support of the Null Hypothesis. 6: 21–30. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.214.2427. Earp, Brian D.; Everett, Jim

Lack-of-fit test (67 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

In statistics, a lack-of-fit test is any of many tests of a null hypothesis that a proposed statistical model fits well. See: Goodness of fit Lack-of-fit

Cascade effect (ecology) (719 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

of tree diversity on newly isolated tropical islands: A test of a null hypothesis and the implications. Evol. Ecol. 7:76-102. Dirzo, R. and A. Miranda

Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research Lab (854 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Books. pp. 81-82. ISBN 1-59102-164-2 Alcock, James. (2003). Give the Null Hypothesis a Chance: Reasons to Remain Doubtful about the Existence of Psi Archived

V-statistic (1,401 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

cells and pi are the specified probabilities of the cells under the null hypothesis. The Cramér–von-Mises and Anderson–Darling goodness-of-fit statistics

Informant (statistics) (2,770 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article

evaluated at a specific value of θ {\displaystyle \theta } (such as a null-hypothesis value), in which case the result is a statistic. Intuitively, if the

Holm–Bonferroni method (2,441 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{\displaystyle i\in I_{o}} , since H i {\displaystyle H_{i}} is a true null hypothesis, we have that P ( { P i ≤ α m 0 } ) = α m 0 {\displaystyle P\left(\left\{P_{i}\leq

ANAIS-112 (3,553 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

fixed to 0 (for the null hypothesis) or left unconstrained, positive or negative (for the modulation hypothesis). The null hypothesis is well supported

Turning point test (455 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Irénée-Jules Bienaymé in 1874. The turning point test is a test of the null hypothesis H0: X1, X2, ..., Xn are independent and identically distributed random

Multivariate Behrens–Fisher problem (1,770 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{\displaystyle X_{ij}} . The multivariate Behrens–Fisher problem is to test the null hypothesis H 0 {\displaystyle H_{0}} that the means are equal versus the alternative

Ramsey RESET test (414 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

through γ k − 1 {\displaystyle ~\gamma _{k-1}} are zero. If the null-hypothesis that all γ {\displaystyle \gamma ~} coefficients are zero is rejected

Empirical research (1,447 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

statistical formula, the research hypothesis is supported. If not, the null hypothesis is supported (or, more accurately, not rejected), meaning no effect

Dream telepathy (1,454 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Consciousness Studies, 10: 85-109. Alcock, James. (2003). Give the Null Hypothesis a Chance: Reasons to Remain Doubtful about the Existence of Psi. Journal

Pet psychic (753 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Crystal Ball Fails Psychic in MO. Kidnap Alcock, James. (2003). Give the Null Hypothesis a Chance: Reasons to Remain Doubtful about the Existence of Psi. Journal

Replication (statistics) (1,130 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

the probability that the observed data would occur by chance if the null hypothesis were true. In replication studies p-values help us determine whether

Center for Cerebrovascular Research (390 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). The goal of the project is to test the null hypothesis that treatment, by means of interventional procedures, surgery, or

Brown–Forsythe test (691 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{\displaystyle d_{1}=p-1} and d 2 = N − p {\displaystyle d_{2}=N-p} under the null hypothesis. If the variances are indeed heterogeneous, techniques that allow for

Structural break (1,373 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

use to carry it out. (That is, we shall too frequently reject the null hypothesis that the parameters are the same in the subsamples.) We should be using

Hosmer–Lemeshow test (2,545 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

from the logistic regression. These are shown in the table below. The null hypothesis is that the observed and expected proportions are the same across all

Judith Rich Harris (1,385 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

I didn't fully believe it myself. I took an extreme position, the null hypothesis of zero parental influence, for the sake of scientific clarity. ..

Phylogenetic autocorrelation (2,270 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of this hypothesis in a sample of 60 societies failed to reject the null hypothesis. Autocorrelation analysis, however, showed a significant effect of

Distorted Music Festival (199 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Convulsions, Mono No Aware, the Mutagen Server, Noistruct, n0nplus, Null Hypothesis, Scorn, Vespine, Xian. (The USA band C/A/T was invited, but unable

Durbin test (786 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of freedom and bk − b − t + 1 denominator degrees of freedom. The null hypothesis is rejected if the test statistic is in the critical region. If the

Šidák correction (578 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

hypotheses and a familywise alpha level of α {\displaystyle \alpha } , each null hypothesis is rejected that has a p-value lower than α S I D = 1 − ( 1 − α ) 1

Inscentinel (429 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Express Group Newspapers. 3 October 2010. Retrieved 3 March 2012. "Null Hypothesis | News". "Detection of odors using insects". Justia Patents Website

Frequentist inference (2,459 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

tests that are designed to provide inductive evidence against the null hypothesis, H 0 {\displaystyle H_{0}} , in a single experiment, and is defined

Disequilibrium macroeconomics (2,075 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

us gave several seminars on the question of how one would test the null hypothesis that [potential data is generated] from an equilibrium as opposed to

Goldfeld–Quandt test (1,012 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

error variance the Goldfeld–Quandt test may improperly accept the null hypothesis of homoskedastic errors.[citation needed] Unfortunately the Goldfeld–Quandt

Moran's I (1,492 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

especially when using distances. The expected value of Moran's I under the null hypothesis of no spatial autocorrelation is E ( I ) = − 1 N − 1 {\displaystyle

Darwin Awards (2,472 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

"Male and female Darwin Award winners: Line H0 indicates expected percentages under the null hypothesis that males and females are equally idiotic."

Phylogeography (2,709 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

series is shown in panels A-D) the authors of this study proposed a null-hypothesis that assumes no spatial structure and two alternative hypothesis involving

George Gray (chemist) (809 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article

5–14. doi:10.1080/026782998207523. "George Gray: Liquid Perfection". Null Hypothesis. Retrieved 2 May 2010. "Applications of Liquid Crystals". Liquid Crystal

Deviance (statistics) (799 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

the parameters in M2, and k additional parameters. Then, under the null hypothesis that M2 is the true model, the difference between the deviances for

Extrasensory perception (2,889 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

pp. 216–231. ISBN 978-0521608343 Alcock, James. (2003). Give the Null Hypothesis a Chance: Reasons to Remain Doubtful about the Existence of Psi. Journal

Constellation model (3,960 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the null hypothesis, which explains all parts as background noise. In the numerator, the sum includes all hypotheses, including the null hypothesis, whereas

Montague Ullman (750 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Publications. p. 145. ISBN 0-486-26167-0 Alcock James. (2003). Give the Null Hypothesis a Chance: Reasons to Remain Doubtful about the Existence of Psi. Journal

Probability of direction (723 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

p-value, this index is not able to quantify evidence in favor of the null hypothesis. Advantages and limitations of the probability of direction have been

Gluteus (genus) (718 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article

Nostrand Reinhold. p. 47. ISBN 978-0-442-22651-0. Palaeontology portal "Nutty Nomenclature". Null Hypothesis: The Journal of Unlikely Science. 2007.

Behavioral confirmation (1,549 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Produce Self-Verification?". Journal of Articles in Support of the Null Hypothesis. 2 (1). Snyder, Mark; Haugen, Julie A. (1994). "Why Does Behavioral

Biotic interchange (1,208 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

asymmetry and general processes involved in biotic interchange: The null hypothesis suggests that the number of species invading a recipient biota should

Stanley Krippner (1,533 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Consciousness Studies. 10 (6–7): 85–109. Alcock, James. (2003). Give the Null Hypothesis a Chance: Reasons to Remain Doubtful about the Existence of Psi. Journal

Global Consciousness Project (1,445 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

database and a Z score, which indicates the degree of deviation from the null hypothesis, is calculated from the pre-specified algorithm. In the third step

Configural frequency analysis (1,115 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

commit a type I error (i.e. to detect a type or antitype when the null hypothesis is true). The currently most popular method to control this is to use

Andrew Gelman (1,343 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the standard approach may be seen as having the goal of rejecting a null hypothesis, Gelman argues that you can't learn much from a rejection. On the other

Jacob Cohen (statistician) (709 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

testing procedures used in statistics, especially misunderstandings of null hypothesis significance testing. In particular, he identified the "near universal

Survival analysis (6,797 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

treatment group, which is indicated by the variable "x" in the data. The null hypothesis for a log-rank test is that the groups have the same survival. The

Allee effect (3,686 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

is positive and increasing then there is a weak Allee effect. The null hypothesis is that proliferation rates are positive but decreasing at low densities

Scientific method (21,495 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

possibly an artifact of instrumentation (null hypothesis), so he went outside and disproved his null hypothesis by observing SN 1987a with the naked eye

Baiji (6,674 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

PMC 2391192. PMID 17686754. "R.I.P. Yangtse River Dolphin – Null Hypothesis". null-hypothesis.co.uk. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved

Exploratory factor analysis (4,563 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

to assess model fit: Likelihood ratio statistic: Used to test the null hypothesis that a model has perfect model fit. It should be applied to models

Gene (12,720 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

a major player in evolution and that neutral theory should be the null hypothesis of molecular evolution. This led to the construction of phylogenetic

Peter Richard Killeen (472 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of Sciences, pp. 515–527. Killeen, P. R. (2005). An alternative to null hypothesis statistical tests. Psychological Science, 16, 345–353. Killeen, P.

Hermite distribution (3,276 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

d = 1 belongs to the boundary of the domain of parameters, under the null hypothesis, W does not have an asymptotic χ 1 2 {\displaystyle \chi _{1}^{2}}

Multitrait-multimethod matrix (1,490 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Each level consists of the minimum, median, and maximum value. The null hypothesis is these values are unordered, which is tested against the alternative

Multimethodology (2,815 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

researcher starts with a problem statement, moving on to the hypothesis and null hypothesis, through the instrumentation into a discussion of data collection,

Causality (11,914 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of the coefficients a j {\displaystyle a_{j}} are obtained. If the null hypothesis that a j = 0 {\displaystyle a_{j}=0} is rejected, then the alternative

Falsifiability (19,412 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

accepted (not rejected to say it more correctly) is typically the null hypothesis, as understood even in popular accounts on falsifiability. Different

Compound probability distribution (2,696 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

common test statistics result as compound distributions under their null hypothesis, for example in Student's t-test (where the test statistic results

White noise (4,020 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the observed data, e.g. by ordinary least squares, and to test the null hypothesis that each of the parameters is zero against the alternative hypothesis

Structural equation modeling (10,151 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

"acceptance" of a null-hypothesis. Introductory statistics texts usually recommend replacing the term "accept" with "failed to reject the null hypothesis" to acknowledge

Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (3,199 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Oscillation; the AMV is indistinguishable from red noise, a typical null hypothesis to test whether there are oscillations in a model. Referring to the

Phoenix Program (4,632 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

wanted to interrogate. While acknowledging that "No one can prove the null hypothesis that no prisoner was ever thrown from a helicopter," Gary Kulik states

Three Mile Island accident health effects (2,481 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

doses of radiation were correct - leading to a study "in which the null hypothesis cannot be rejected due to a priori assumptions." Hatch et al. noted

Intron (5,770 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

between these two possibilities. Many scientists have argued that the null hypothesis should be splicing noise, putting the burden of proof on those who

Degrees of freedom (statistics) (4,484 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

determine the degrees of freedom in any given situation. Under the null hypothesis of no difference between population means (and assuming that standard

Same-sex relationship (4,476 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the consistent failures in this research literature to disprove the null hypothesis, the burden of empirical proof is on those who argue that the children

Telepathy (7,236 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Publications. p. 145. ISBN 0486261670 James, Alcock (2003). "Give the Null Hypothesis a Chance: Reasons to Remain Doubtful about the Existence of Psi". Journal

Predictive probability of success (1,369 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

enough convincing evidence to either reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis with the presently available data. PPOS can also be used in the assessment

Subliminal stimuli (5,145 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

music on choice behavior?". Journal of Articles in Support of the Null Hypothesis. 4 (2): 29–64. Comparison of the effects of auditory subliminal stimulation

Juliet Popper Shaffer (954 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

include in the analysis type III errors, in which one rejects the null hypothesis but concludes that an effect has the opposite sign to its actual sign

Medical image computing (8,460 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

statistical hypothesis testing to evaluate whether a null hypothesis is or is not supported. The null hypothesis typically assumes that the two cohorts are drawn

Gary Null (3,600 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Morrow, p. 285. ISBN 9780688147662. Gorski, David (May 14, 2018). "The Null hypothesis: Gary Null attacks science-based medicine". SBM. Retrieved October

Behrens–Fisher problem (2,361 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{\text{ where }}\gamma _{i}=\sigma _{i}^{2}/n_{i}.} Under the null hypothesis of equal expectations, μ1 = μ2, the distribution of the Behrens–Fisher

Binomial sum variance inequality (1,412 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

rates (FDR), which quantify uncertainty in the test results. If the null hypothesis is true for some tests and the alternative hypothesis is true for other

Autocorrelation (5,526 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

sample size and R2 is the coefficient of determination. Under the null hypothesis of no autocorrelation, this statistic is asymptotically distributed

List of important publications in chemistry (3,288 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

and the calculation of standard deviations, degrees of freedom, the null hypothesis and the "Student's" t-Test by William J. Gosset. Further chapters discuss

Child sexual abuse (19,289 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Harris GT (2012). "Treatment for adult sex offenders: may we reject the null hypothesis?". In Harrison K, Rainey B (eds.). Handbook of Legal & Ethical Aspects

Sparse PCA (2,239 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

in high-dimensional setting. Consider a hypothesis test where the null hypothesis specifies that data X {\displaystyle X} are generated from a multivariate

Phylogenetic comparative methods (3,266 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

simulations to create many data sets that are consistent with the null hypothesis under test (e.g., no correlation between two traits, no difference

Phylogenetic comparative methods (3,266 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

simulations to create many data sets that are consistent with the null hypothesis under test (e.g., no correlation between two traits, no difference

Neutral mutation (3,417 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Birmingham, Ala.: Gryphon Editions. Duret, L. (2008). "Neutral theory: The null hypothesis of molecular evolution". Nature Education. 1 (1): 803–6. 218. Kimura

Regime shift (4,784 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

hypothesis that a system has multiple attractors does not imply that the null hypothesis is true. In order to do so one has to prove that the system only has

Fiona Fidler (912 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

on "statistical controversies, for example, the ongoing debate over Null Hypothesis Significance Testing versus Estimation (Effect Sizes, Confidence Intervals)

Ley line (4,965 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of agreement that alignments have no significance compared to the null hypothesis of random locations. A study by David George Kendall used the techniques

Research question (4,321 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

_________ (control variable)? Alternatively, a script for a quantitative null hypothesis might be as follows: There is no significant difference between _________

Allometry (6,289 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

during growth, called allometry. Isometric scaling is often used as a null hypothesis in scaling studies, with 'deviations from isometry' considered evidence

Kendall's W (1,929 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

complete ranks, a commonly used significance test for W against a null hypothesis of no agreement (i.e. random rankings) is given by Kendall and Gibbons

Pedophilia (11,713 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Harris GT (2012). "Treatment for adult sex offenders: may we reject the null hypothesis?". In Harrison K, Rainey B (eds.). Handbook of Legal & Ethical Aspects

C. R. Rao (2,792 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Statistical Methods, A Primer 2016. (with Lovric, M.) Testing Point Null Hypothesis of a Normal Mean and the Truth: 21st Century Perspective 2015. (with

Rodger's method (1,395 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Ψi (i = 1, ... , J − 1) should result in a ‘decision’ between the null hypothesis (iH0: Ψi = 0) and a particular value δi specified a priori by the alternative

List of paradoxes (7,839 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

average operator of the buses. Lindley's paradox: Tiny errors in the null hypothesis are magnified when large data sets are analyzed, leading to false but

Random matrix (6,119 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

covariance matrix. This matrix calculated in this way becomes the null hypothesis that allows one to find the eigenvalues (and their eigenvectors) that

Yuichi Shoda (1,195 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

statistical inference to solve the persistent problems of the traditional null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) that has been a mainstay of statistical

Pooled variance (3,138 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

degree of freedom Pooled mean Killeen PR (May 2005). "An alternative to null-hypothesis significance tests". Psychol Sci. 16 (5): 345–53. doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976

Choice-supportive bias (4,815 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

and Liljenquist (2006)" (PDF). Journal of Articles in Support of the Null Hypothesis. 6: 21–30. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.214.2427. Earp, Brian D.; Everett, Jim

Memory erasure (3,369 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

fatally flawed from the outset, since it is not possible to prove the null hypothesis, i.e. the absence of a memory trace. Eichenbaum, Howard. "Persistence:

Approximate Bayesian computation (8,980 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

there is an important distinction between identifying a plausible null hypothesis and assessing the relative fit of alternative hypotheses. Since useful

William H. Starbuck (1,765 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

PERSPECTIVE—Researchers Should Make Thoughtful Assessments Instead of Null-Hypothesis Significance Tests, in: Organization Science 22 (4), S. 1105-1120.

Family-based QTL mapping (1,771 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

statistic is actually McNemar's chi-square statistic and tests the null hypothesis that the putative disease associated allele is transmitted 50% of the

Joint attention (4,906 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan (September 2018). "Quantifying Support for the Null Hypothesis in Psychology: An Empirical Investigation". Advances in Methods and

Beta regression (876 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

needed] Likelihood ratio tests can be "interpreted as testing the null hypothesis of equidispersion against a specific alternative of variable dispersion"

J. Doyne Farmer (3,282 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

a method for determining when chaos can be distinguished from the null hypothesis of a correlated linear random process. After finishing his doctorate

ENCODE (6,676 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Mike White (17 July 2013). "Finding function in the genome with a null hypothesis". The Finch & Pea. Mattick JS, Dinger ME (2013). "The extent of functionality

Allopatric speciation (10,106 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

doi:10.1002/3527600906 Kerstin Johannesson (2009), "Inverting the null-hypothesis of speciation: a marine snail perspective", Evolutionary Ecology, 23

Ecology (21,345 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

does not take place. Hypotheses are evaluated with reference to a null hypothesis which states that random processes create the observed data. In these

John von Neumann (23,300 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

and is commonly known as the Durbin–Watson statistic for testing the null hypothesis that the errors are serially independent against the alternative that

Code-switching (13,496 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

phenomenon, i.e. the influence of one language on another, is an attractive null hypothesis that can be tested in experimental settings." Some terms are commonly

CLs method (particle physics) (2,374 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

equivalent definition can be made by considering a hypothesis test of the null hypothesis H 0 : θ = θ 0 {\displaystyle H_{0}:\theta =\theta _{0}} against the

Hellings-Downs curve (1,061 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Ramesh; Cameron, Andrew (2023-07-01). "The Gravitational-wave Background Null Hypothesis: Characterizing Noise in Millisecond Pulsar Arrival Times with the

5-HTTLPR (4,568 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

S2CID 46096787. Eisenberg DT, Hayes MG (February 2011). "Testing the null hypothesis: comments on 'Culture-gene coevolution of individualism-collectivism

Eastern three-lined skink (3,684 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

sites that contain dummy eggs far more often than what a random-choice null hypothesis would suggest. While there is extensive theory about the benefits of

Homosexuality in society (5,189 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the consistent failures in this research literature to disprove the null hypothesis, the burden of empirical proof is on those who argue that the children

Peopling of the Americas (13,570 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

PMC 5161672. PMID 27507099. Recently, we carried out a stringent test of the null hypothesis of a single founding population of Central and South Americans using

Geoneutrino (3,805 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

likelihood analysis identified 9.9 as geoneutrinos. The geoneutrino null hypothesis was rejected at 99.997% confidence level (4.2σ). The data also rejected

Outline of fishing (15,416 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of tree diversity on newly isolated tropical islands: A test of a null hypothesis and the implications". Evol. Ecol. 7: 76–102. doi:10.1007/bf01237735

Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (3,539 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

when analyzing small samples for positive selection. Rejecting the null hypothesis of neutrality occurs when the P-Value is less than 0.05. If the differences

IC 4516 (1,002 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

conducted via the method used by Nolan et al. 2012 which shows if the null hypothesis is correct, the variability index is correct, then it is distributed

Denoising Algorithm based on Relevance network Topology (1,158 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

between gene i and j, and where γij is the variable that under the null hypothesis, its mean is zero and standard deviation 1/√n_s-3, where ns is the

Network motif (10,178 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

is the p-value, given as the probability of FR(G′) ≥ FG(G′) (as its null-hypothesis), where FR(G′) indicates the frequency of G' in a randomized network

Imprecise Dirichlet process (3,277 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

problem. This means that we can verify the evidence in favor of the null hypothesis and not only rejecting it and take decisions which minimize the expected

Gona, Ethiopia (5,173 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

2017). "Early Stone Tools and Cultural Transmission: Resetting the Null Hypothesis". Current Anthropology. 58 (5): 652–672. doi:10.1086/693846. ISSN 0011-3204

Krippendorff's alpha (5,536 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

sufficiently reliable (one-tailed test). This index acknowledges that the null-hypothesis (of chance agreement) is so far removed from the range of relevant

Calleida viridipennis (1,916 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Equal Investment maintains that a 1:1 ratio should be favored. The null hypothesis is that female and male offspring are equally costly to reproduce.

Social media and psychology (6,596 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

No Longer a Relationship?". Journal of Articles in Support of the Null Hypothesis. 16 (1): 23–32. S2CID 204735206. Primack, Alvin; Johnson, Kevin (May

Dragon king theory (4,123 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

largest, and so on, until the first test that is not rejected (i.e., the null hypothesis that the point is not an outlier is not rejected). The number of rejected

Topological data analysis (11,259 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

This allows many statistical tools to be ported to TDA. Works on null hypothesis significance test, confidence intervals, and robust estimates are notable

List of people associated with University College London (12,824 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

into statistical hypothesis testing and co-revised Ronald Fisher's null hypothesis testing Freda Nkirote, Director of the British Institute in Eastern

Post-traumatic growth (9,496 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

an association between PTSD symptoms and posttraumatic growth. The null hypothesis that there is no relationship between the two was rejected for the

Sri Rama Michael Tamm (946 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

teaching of Indian philosophy about the four levels of consciousness. The null hypothesis theory dealt with the yogic process of cognition, where the null meant

Nonparametric skew (4,383 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

sample's standard deviation. Statistical tests of D have assumed that the null hypothesis being tested is that the distribution is symmetric . Gastwirth estimated

Shock collar (10,449 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

future studies should make sure to report effect sizes in addition to null-hypothesis testing." Tortora applied a method called "safety training" to treat

Modern searches for Lorentz violation (10,210 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Birefringent?". Eisenstein, Daniel J.; Bunn, Emory F. (1997). "Appropriate Null Hypothesis for Cosmological Birefringence". Physical Review Letters. 79 (10):

Kernel embedding of distributions (9,735 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

_{j=1}^{m}k(x_{i},y_{j})\end{aligned}}} to obtain a two-sample test of the null hypothesis that both samples stem from the same distribution (i.e. P = Q {\displaystyle

Inferring horizontal gene transfer (8,981 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

gene sequence alignment when the reference topology is given as the null hypothesis. The rejection of the reference topology is an indication that the

Neyman Type A distribution (3,522 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

2 {\displaystyle \chi _{1}^{2}} distribution as expected under the null hypothesis since d = 1 is at the parameter domain's edge. In the asymptotic distribution

Primate archaeology (11,124 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

(2017). "Early Stone Tools and Cultural Transmission: Resetting the Null Hypothesis". Current Anthropology. 58 (5): 652–672. doi:10.1086/693846. ISSN 0011-3204