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Longer titles found: Spinal interneuron (view), Lateral giant interneuron (view), Medial giant interneuron (view)

searching for Interneuron 106 found (181 total)

Dexfenfluramine (615 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

likewise removed from the US market in 2010. The drug was developed by Interneuron Pharmaceuticals, a company co-founded by Richard Wurtman, aimed at marketing

DBX1 (290 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

transcription factor gene that is pivotal in interneuron differentiation in the ventral spinal cord. The spinal interneurons V0 and V1 are derived from progenitor

Gate control theory (1,899 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

needed] However, activation of the inhibitory interneurons varies: large-diameter fibers excite the interneuron, which ultimately reduces transmission cell

Ultrasound avoidance (2,338 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

different types of echolocating calls. One specific auditory interneuron, the AN2 interneuron, exhibits remarkably rapid responses to echolocating call stimuli

Trospium chloride (1,886 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

rights to trospium chloride to Interneuron in 1999 and Interneuron ran clinical trials in the US to win FDA approval. Interneuron changed its name to Indevus

Richard Wurtman (1,351 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Wurtman co-founded Interneuron Pharmaceuticals (later known as Indevus) and held the patent for dexfenfluramine

Reciprocal inhibition (859 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the inhibitory interneuron, which then innervates the alpha motor neuron that synapses onto the opposing muscle. Because the interneuron is inhibitory

DLX1 (544 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron differentiation proximal/distal pattern formation cell differentiation

Primary motor cortex (4,239 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

cortical neurons, send long axons down the spinal cord to synapse onto the interneuron circuitry of the spinal cord and also directly onto the alpha motor neurons

Command neuron (829 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

A command neuron is an interneuron whose excitation is both necessary and sufficient to evoke a behavior. These criteria are often tested by: Recording

MEGF10 (739 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

MEGF11, have critical roles in the formation of mosaics by two retinal interneuron subtypes, starburst amacrine cells and horizontal cells in mice. These

DLX2 (701 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Cellular component nucleus Biological process cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron differentiation proximal/distal pattern formation cell differentiation

ATF5 (1,061 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

transition regulation of transcription, DNA-templated olfactory bulb interneuron differentiation multicellular organism growth regulation of transcription

Aristaless related homeobox (979 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

fate commitment embryonic olfactory bulb interneuron precursor migration cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron migration forebrain development olfactory

DLX5 (1,108 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

positive regulation of gene expression olfactory bulb interneuron differentiation interneuron axon guidance regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase

Pronator quadratus muscle (577 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

and up the posterior column of the spinal cord. It synapses with an interneuron in the gracile nucleus. It then decussates in the medial lemniscus of

ARL13B (504 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

cilium non-motile cilium Biological process smoothened signaling pathway interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex left/right axis specification

ASCL1 (1,570 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

specification process noradrenergic neuron development cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron differentiation neurogenesis cell differentiation stomach neuroendocrine

Medium spiny neuron (4,043 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

connections between a particular GABAergic interneuron, the parvalbumin expressing fast-spiking interneuron, and spiny neurons are close to the spiny neurons'

Glenn Cooper (1,115 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

joined Interneuron Pharmaceuticals in Lexington, Massachusetts, Progenitor’s parent company, as chairman and chief executive officer. Interneuron changed

SALL3 (404 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

signaling pathway transcription by RNA polymerase II olfactory bulb interneuron development hindlimb morphogenesis signal transduction transcription

RAC1 (3,420 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

receptor cell morphogenesis hyperosmotic response cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron development chemotaxis positive regulation of DNA replication actin filament

RAC1 (3,420 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

receptor cell morphogenesis hyperosmotic response cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron development chemotaxis positive regulation of DNA replication actin filament

LMX1A (652 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Millonig JH, Hatten ME (2004). "Roof plate and dorsal spinal cord dl1 interneuron development in the dreher mutant mouse". Dev. Biol. 270 (2): 382–92.

DBX2 (590 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

MJ, Littman DR, Goulding M, Jessell TM (February 2001). "Control of interneuron fate in the developing spinal cord by the progenitor homeodomain protein

Beatriz Rico (neuroscientist) (722 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

neurons: principal neurons (excitatory) and #interneurons (inhibitory). The modulatory power of interneurons is greatly expanded by their ability to target

SOX1 (591 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Biological process forebrain neuron development ventral spinal cord interneuron specification forebrain development neuron migration regulation of transcription

RAC3 (1,412 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

maturation synaptic transmission, GABAergic cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron development positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell

Neuroblast (1,444 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

brain injuries. However, they are restricted to the subtype of small interneuron-like cells, and it is unlikely that they contribute to functional recovery

Retina horizontal cell (1,321 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

cells/mm2 in more peripheral retina. Horizontal cells and other retinal interneuron cells are less likely to be near neighbours of the same subtype than

Oscar Marín (932 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

cerebral cortex, with special reference to the development of inhibitory interneurons. These discoveries have provided a novel conceptual paradigm that illuminates

NKX2-2 (625 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

commitment type B pancreatic cell fate commitment ventral spinal cord interneuron fate determination type B pancreatic cell development spinal cord oligodendrocyte

Assembloid (2,730 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

ventral and dorsal forebrain neural organoids demonstrated that cortical interneurons migrate and integrate into synaptically connected cortical microcircuits

SALL1 (1,309 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

cell layer development ventricular septum development olfactory bulb interneuron differentiation somatic stem cell population maintenance kidney development

NKX6-2 (834 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Assign Redundant and Specific Roles to Nkx6 Genes in Motor Neuron and Interneuron Specification". Neuron. 31 (5): 743–755. doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(01)00412-3

KCNK9 (1,559 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

channels are also expressed in the hippocampus; both on pyramidal cells and interneurons. It is thought that these channels may form heterodimers where their

GLI3 (1,196 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

morphogenesis smoothened signaling pathway involved in ventral spinal cord interneuron specification anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis

ATR-X syndrome (1,149 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Mazerolle C, Wang Y, et al. (March 2009). "Altered visual function and interneuron survival in Atrx knockout mice: inference for the human syndrome". Hum

SLIT1 (631 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Biological process chemorepulsion involved in embryonic olfactory bulb interneuron precursor migration cell differentiation neuron projection morphogenesis

Phentermine (1,710 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

weight-clinic in Los Osos, California in 2001; Najarian had previously worked at Interneuron Pharmaceuticals, which had developed one of the fen-phen drugs previously

Sheila Nirenberg (683 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

project focused on developing a new technique to eliminate specific interneuron cell types in order to understand fundamentally how neural circuits work

ROBO2 (578 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

system development cellular response to hormone stimulus olfactory bulb interneuron development apoptotic process involved in luteolysis negative regulation

ROBO1 (1,234 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

apoptotic process chemorepulsion involved in postnatal olfactory bulb interneuron migration homophilic cell adhesion via plasma membrane adhesion molecules

Theory of functional systems (496 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

goals, presumably, at the physiological level is circulating in the ring interneuron excitation) Efferent synthesis (or the stage of the program, integration

Chronobiology (3,417 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

PMID 9013774. Sauer, Jonas-Frederic (3 March 2015). "Impaired fast-spiking interneuron function in a genetic mouse model of depression". eLife. 4. doi:10.7554/elife

Lim homeobox 9 (196 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(2009). "Transcriptional control of axonal guidance and sorting in dorsal interneurons by the Lim-HD proteins Lhx9 and Lhx1". Neural Dev. 4: 21. doi:10.1186/1749-8104-4-21

GLI2 (1,854 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

development smoothened signaling pathway involved in ventral spinal cord interneuron specification notochord regression anatomical structure formation involved

DLL4 (966 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

differentiation positive regulation of gene expression ventral spinal cord interneuron fate commitment angiogenesis pericardium morphogenesis negative regulation

Itch (3,724 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

from the skin into the spinal dorsal horn. In this area, a number of interneurons will either be inhibited or activated to promote activation of projection

SLIT3 (546 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

signaling pathway chemorepulsion involved in embryonic olfactory bulb interneuron precursor migration cell differentiation negative chemotaxis Roundabout

ERBB4 (1,597 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

migration regulation of transcription, DNA-templated olfactory bulb interneuron differentiation embryonic pattern specification phosphorylation transmembrane

LHX6 (548 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

process multicellular organism development cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron migration cell differentiation regulation of transcription, DNA-templated

NK2 homeobox 1 (2,118 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

commitment forebrain neuron differentiation cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron differentiation cerebral cortex neuron differentiation pituitary gland

Contactin 2 (1,155 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

regulation of adenosine receptor signaling pathway cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron migration regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity protein localization

Schizophrenia (18,392 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(GAD1), in addition to abnormalities in brain morphometry. The subsets of interneurons that are abnormal in schizophrenia are responsible for the synchronizing

LMO4 (925 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

protein-containing complex assembly transcription, DNA-templated ventral spinal cord interneuron differentiation regulation of cell activation spinal cord motor neuron

Inhibitory postsynaptic potential (2,705 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

by the activation of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors. When interneurons are activated by metabotropic acetylcholine receptors in the CA1 region

Dopamine receptor D1 (3,089 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

signaling pathway conditioned taste aversion cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron migration glucose import visual learning sensitization positive regulation

Apamin (1,997 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

transfers an impulse from a sensory neuron to a motor neuron via an interneuron in the spinal cord. In rats, apamin was found to cause tremor and ataxia

Diffuse axonal injury (3,073 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Disconnection of Local Neocortical Inhibitory Networks via Parvalbumin Interneuron Diffuse Axonal Injury". Cerebral Cortex. 28 (5): 1625–1644. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhx058

Octopamine (3,892 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

synchronize energy metabolism, respiration, muscle activity and flight interneuron activity. Octopamine in locusts is four times more concentrated in the

Cannabinol (2,138 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the case of CB1R agonism on the presynaptic membrane of a GABAergic interneuron, activation leads to a net effect of increased activity, while the same

Neuregulin 3 (2,559 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

specification process mammary placode formation chemorepulsion involved in interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex negative regulation of neuron

Bone morphogenetic protein (3,436 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

plate in the developing spinal cord helps to specify dorsal sensory interneurons. As a member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily, BMP

Eric Courchesne (1,428 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

critical time in development: implications for frontal pyramidal neuron and interneuron development and connectivity. Int J Dev Neurosci. Apr-May 2005;23(2-3):153-170

OpenWorm (1,431 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

subsequently established: Environmental Stimulus > Sensory Transduction > Interneuron Firing > Motor Neuron Firing > Motor Output > Environmental Change >

Death's head cockroach (1,187 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Triblehorn, Jeffrey D. (July 2014). "Neural responses from the wind-sensitive interneuron population in four cockroach species". Journal of Insect Physiology.

Synaptojanin (1,135 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

innervation shapes the dendritic branching pattern of the medial giant interneuron in grasshopper embryos raised in culture". Dev. Biol. 92 (2): 507–20

Anirvan Ghosh (773 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Ghosh (2012) Elfn1 regulates target-specific release probability at CA1-interneuron synapses. Science 338:536-540. "Biosketch of Anirvan Ghosh 12-15-10"

Dopamine receptor D2 (3,958 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

regulation of dopamine secretion adult behavior cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron migration regulation of synapse structural plasticity adenylate cyclase-modulating

Gunnar Svaetichin (760 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

helped explain opponency and laid the foundation for the field of retinal interneuron research. Over time these neurons came to be named horizontal cells,

Neural crest (4,584 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

M. (2001). "The winged-helix transcription factor Foxd3 suppresses interneuron differentiation and promotes neural crest cell fate". Development. 128

GATA3 (3,740 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Poh A, Yamada T (Sep 2002). "GATA proteins identify a novel ventral interneuron subclass in the developing chick spinal cord". Developmental Biology

Catherina Becker (1,110 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Becker, T; Becker, C.G.; Kuscha, V (2012). "Lesion-induced generation of interneuron cell types in specific dorsoventral domains in the spinal cord of adult

SUFU (1,481 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

development smoothened signaling pathway involved in ventral spinal cord interneuron specification negative regulation of smoothened signaling pathway involved

GATA2 (4,038 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

regulation of primitive erythrocyte differentiation ventral spinal cord interneuron differentiation response to lipid cell differentiation in hindbrain central

Neuregulin 1 (3,921 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

development axon ensheathment cell communication chemorepulsion involved in interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex positive regulation of cardiac

Wide dynamic range neuron (1,481 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Gate Control Theory Firing of the inhibitory interneuron (responding to the non-painful stimuli) decreases the probability that the projection neuron

Effects of alcohol on memory (5,168 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Best, P. J. (2000). "Effects of ethanol on hippocampal place-cell and interneuron activity". Brain Research. 876 (1–2): 154–165. doi:10.1016/S0006-8993(00)02629-9

5-HT1A receptor (6,122 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

cortex are mainly expressed in pyramidal neurons and in a GABAergic interneuron subpopulation: implications for schizophrenia and its treatment". Journal

LHX3 (1,092 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

anatomical structure nucleus Biological process ventral spinal cord interneuron specification cell differentiation pituitary gland development regulation

Cerebral cortex (7,795 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Lipinski, RJ (January 2017). "Gene-environment interactions in cortical interneuron development and dysfunction: A review of preclinical studies". Neurotoxicology

Neurotoxin (9,712 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

early lead exposure. In addition to inducing apoptosis, lead inhibits interneuron signaling through the disruption of calcium-mediated neurotransmitter

LHX1 (1,283 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation dorsal spinal cord interneuron posterior axon guidance regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase

Parve101q (921 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Kreitzer AC; Mody I; Mucke L; Palop JJ (27 April 2012). "Inhibitory interneuron deficit links altered network activity and cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer

Fluoxetine (11,667 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

made by Richard Wurtman at MIT; the patent was licensed to his startup, Interneuron, which in turn sold it to Lilly. To defend its Prozac revenue from generic

Claire Simeone (1,366 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

January 5, 2022. Retrieved 2022-02-06. Casalia, Mariana (2021-04-07). "Interneuron Origins in the Embryonic Porcine Medial Ganglionic Eminence" (PDF). The

Long-term depression (5,314 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

postsynaptic neurons as a result of the firing of a distinct modulatory interneuron. Thus, this form of LTD impacts synapses nearby those receiving action

ISL1 (1,484 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

in motor neuron generation reveals a motor neuron-dependent step in interneuron differentiation". Cell. 84 (2): 309–320. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80985-X

SNARE protein (6,538 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

and the final receptor. Once TeNT is in the vesicle in the inhibitory interneuron space the HC assists in translocation of the LC into the cytoplasm. Then

Lindsay Rosenwald (968 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Ronald Rosenberg, Globe Staff (Apr 9, 1997). "Molecular millionaires Interneuron executives top Massachusetts list" (Press release). The Boston Globe

Low-threshold spikes (2,150 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

spike interneurons. The basal ganglia serve many functions, which include involuntary motor control, emotions, and cognition. These interneurons produce

Protein Wnt-5a (3,402 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

morphogenesis positive regulation of T cell chemotaxis olfactory bulb interneuron development positive regulation of cell population proliferation positive

GABRB2 (5,576 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

"Gabrb2-knockout mice displayed schizophrenia-like and comorbid phenotypes with interneuron-astrocyte-microglia dysregulation". Translational Psychiatry. 8 (1):

Procedural memory (9,800 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

DRD2), muscarinic receptors (M4) and adenosine receptors (A2A). Separate interneurons are known to communicate with striatal spiny neurons in the presence

John Reynolds (researcher) (700 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

Reynolds, John N.J.; Cragg, Stephanie J. (2018). "Pauses in Cholinergic Interneuron Activity Are Driven by Excitatory Input and Delayed Rectification, with

Central pattern generator (8,507 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

classes of spinal interneurons. The ventral neurons are considered to be members of the spinal CPG network. Each of these interneuron class can be further

Martin Lauritzen (1,289 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Vivo. CerebCortex. 2014. Jessen SB, Mathiesen C, Lind BL, Lauritzen M. Interneuron Deficit Associates Attenuated Network Synchronization to Mismatch of

Gloria Choi (2,966 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

that just as Olig1/2 promote motor neuron specification and suppress interneuron specification in the neurogenic phase, Olig1/2 promote oligodendrocyte

Tom Mrsic-Flogel (1,434 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

010. ISSN 1097-4199. PMC 4210638. PMID 25263755. "Disentangling the interneuron web of learning". www.sainsburywellcome.org. 21 May 2018. Retrieved 1

Laura Busse (2,599 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

cortex. Busse and her team found that in awake mice, parvalbumin positive interneurons in the primary visual cortex mediate surround suppression, however, when

Teleogryllus oceanicus (3,901 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

"Sensory ecology of predator–prey interactions: responses of the AN2 interneuron in the field cricket, Teleogryllus oceanicus to the echolocation calls

2018 in science (22,287 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Mucke, Lennart; Dolado, Manuel (15 March 2018). "Nav1.1-Overexpressing Interneuron Transplants Restore Brain Rhythms and Cognition in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's

Neuronal self-avoidance (5,788 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Pcdh-γs in self-avoidance, Lefebvre et al. (2012) focused on a retinal interneuron, the starburst amacrine cell (SAC), which expresses Pcdh-γs and exhibits

Martin R. Ralph (2,466 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

work includes work done in 2014 which showed that transplantation of interneurons led to the restoration of memory and cognitive function in an Alzheimer’s

List of Harvard Medical School alumni (14,732 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Momenta Pharmaceuticals Richard Wurtman,1960, researcher and co-founded Interneuron Pharmaceuticals and held the patent for dexfenfluramine Charles Epstein