Find link

language:

Find link is a tool written by Edward Betts.

searching for Interaction energy 137 found (151 total)

Spin–orbit interaction (4,003 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

The second contribution is related to Thomas precession. The Larmor interaction energy is ΔHL=−μ⋅B.{\displaystyle \Delta H_{\text{L}}=-{\boldsymbol {\mu

Quantum chromodynamics binding energy (555 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

the strong force, which is mediated by gluons. Motion-energy and interaction-energy contribute most of the hadron's mass. Most of the mass of hadrons

Potts model (3,528 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

describe a next-nearest neighbor interaction. A function V gives interaction energy between a set of spins; it is not the Hamiltonian, but is used to

DLVO theory (2,745 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

additivity, the net interaction energy between a molecule and planar surface made up of like molecules will be the sum of the interaction energy between the molecule

Van der Waals force (3,927 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

interaction energy between H (hydrogen) atoms in different H2 molecules equals 0.06 kJ/mol (0.6 meV) and the pairwise attractive interaction energy between

Static forces and virtual-particle exchange (7,279 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

potential in a simple plasma or electron gas. The expression for the interaction energy can be generalized to the situation in which the point particles are

London dispersion force (1,609 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(atoms or molecules). The second-order perturbation expression of the interaction energy contains a sum over states. The states appearing in this sum are simple

Nuclear shell model (4,054 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

spin–orbit interaction energy. The 8 states with j = 7⁄2 came from ℓ = 4 and s anti-parallel to ℓ. Thus they have a negative spin–orbit interaction energy. The

Symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (512 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

decomposition analysis (EDA). Most EDA methods decompose a total interaction energy that is computed via a supermolecular approach, such that:

Classical electron radius (844 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

electromagnetic radiation. It links the classical electrostatic self-interaction energy of a homogeneous charge distribution to the electron's relativistic

Magnetic dipole–dipole interaction (956 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

apart that they can be treated as point dipoles in calculating their interaction energy. The potential energy H of the interaction is then given by:

Hamaker theory (253 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

and j is then: Rij=|Ri−Rj|{\displaystyle R_{ij}=|R_{i}-R_{j}|} The interaction energy of the system is taken to be: Vint1,2,...N=12∑i=0N∑j=0(≠i)NVintij(Rij){\displaystyle

Solid solution strengthening (2,133 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of the solvent, the interaction energy due to modulus mismatch (Umodulus) is negative, which reinforce the size interaction energy (Usize). In contrast

Derjaguin approximation (1,451 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

F(h)=2πReffW(h),{\displaystyle F(h)=2\pi R_{\rm {eff}}W(h),} where W(h) is the interaction energy per unit area between the two planar walls and Reff the effective

Jellium (2,892 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

between the kinetic energy of the electrons and the electron-electron interaction energy. The kinetic-energy operator in the Hamiltonian scales as 1 / r s

Compton edge (410 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

occurs when a gamma-ray scatters within the detector and some of the interaction energy escapes so that only a fraction is detected. The amount of energy

Bioorthogonal chemistry (5,098 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

kcal/mol) resulting in a lower activation energy despite smaller interaction energy. Decreasing transition state energy: Electron withdrawing groups such

Macroscopic quantum self-trapping (569 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Bose–Einstein condensate junctions. Self-trapping occurs when the self-interaction energy Λ{\displaystyle \Lambda } between the Bosons is larger than a critical

Laughlin wavefunction (1,300 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

multiparticle wavefunction for quasiparticles. The expectation value of the interaction energy for a pair of quasiparticles is ⟨V⟩=⟨n,N∣V∣n,N⟩,N=2{\displaystyle

Non-random two-liquid model (2,466 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

concentration. This difference is due to a difference between the interaction energy of the central molecule with the molecules of its own kind U i i {\displaystyle

Davidson correction (576 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Davidson. It allows one to estimate the value of the full configuration interaction energy from a limited configuration interaction expansion result, although

Mechanical similarity (226 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Consider a system of any number of particles and assume that the interaction energy between any pair of particles has the form U ( r ) ∝ r k , {\displaystyle

Q (software) (451 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

empirical valence bond (EVB), free energy perturbation (FEP), and linear interaction energy (LIE), as well as, more recently, also path integral calculations

COSMO-RS (1,574 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the weighted sum of the profiles of all its components. Using the interaction energy Eint(σ,σ') and the σ-profile of the solvent p(σ'), the chemical potential

Titanate nanosheet (1,079 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

suspensions. Solvents must have an interaction energy with the layers that is greater than the interaction energy between two layers. In situ X-Ray diffraction

Franck–Condon principle (3,538 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

immediately try to rearrange themselves in order to minimize the interaction energy. The rate of solvent relaxation depends on the viscosity of the solvent

UNIQUAC (1,995 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

uij{\displaystyle u_{ij}} is the interaction energy between molecules i{\displaystyle i} and j{\displaystyle j}. The interaction energy parameters are usually determined

Evaporative cooling (atomic physics) (1,318 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

center, lifting the degeneracy of the three magnetic sublevels. The interaction energy between the total spin angular momentum of the trapped atom and the

UNIFAC (1,641 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

parameter τij{\displaystyle \tau _{ij}}, which is related to the interaction energy Ui{\displaystyle U_{i}} of molecular pairs (equation in "residual"

Combining rules (1,836 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

combination rules or combining rules are equations that provide the interaction energy between two dissimilar non-bonded atoms, usually for the part of the

Lifshitz theory of van der Waals force (2,165 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

with dielectric constant ϵ 3 {\displaystyle \epsilon _{3}} , the interaction energy between a charge and an electric dipole p {\displaystyle p} is given

Matter (9,593 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

constituents (atoms and molecules, for example). Such composites contain an interaction energy that holds the constituents together, and may constitute the bulk

Energy level (2,831 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

energy levels by a typical order of magnitude of 10−4 eV. There is an interaction energy associated with the magnetic dipole moment, μL, arising from the electronic

Capacitance (4,182 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

stored in the single-electron device whose "direct polarization" interaction energy may be equally divided into the interaction of the electron with the

Self-assembly based manufacturing (506 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

ingredients in most of self assembly applications: geometry (order), interaction, energy. To improve the efficiency or take shape in self-assembly based manufacturing

Colloid (4,865 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the overall free energy of the system. A colloid is stable if the interaction energy due to attractive forces between the colloidal particles is less than

Diargon (1,706 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

energy is at a minimum, represented as the trough in the graph of interaction energy versus distance. This distance is the ground state of the unexcited

Physisorption (2,291 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

interacting force of physisorption is Van der Waals force. Even though the interaction energy is very weak (~10–100 meV), physisorption plays an important role

Isomeric shift (1,766 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

manifests itself and both are due to a difference in the electromagnetic interaction energy between the electrons and the nucleus of the atom. The isotopic shift

Eseroline (387 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

quantum-chemical study of the electrostatic potential and of the interaction energy with water". Molecular Pharmacology. 18 (3): 461–7. PMID 7464812.

Reactivity (chemistry) (1,202 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article

ISSN 1096-987X. Ess, D. H.; Houk, K. N. (2007-08-09). "Distortion/Interaction Energy Control of 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactivity". Journal of the American

Comparison of software for molecular mechanics modeling (379 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

bond (EVB), calculations of reaction free energies, (III) linear interaction energy (LIE) calculations of receptor-ligand binding affinities Free open

Strictly-Correlated-Electrons density functional theory (2,038 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

container until they reach the spatial configuration that minimizes their interaction energy (in equilibrium, their kinetic energy is zero). Of course, the equilibrium

Coupling (physics) (1,110 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

constant of a plasma is given by the ratio of its average Coulomb-interaction energy to its average kinetic energy—or how strongly the electric force of

Fragment molecular orbital (1,785 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

gradient, dipole moment etc., an interaction energy is obtained for each pair of fragments. This pair interaction energy can be further decomposed into

Stacking (chemistry) (3,561 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

interaction is seen for large aromatic dimers. As previously noted, this interaction energy is highly dependent on geometry. Indeed, large aromatic dimers are

Interfacial thermal resistance (2,843 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

reduced on nanostructured solid surfaces by enhancing the solid-liquid interaction energy per unit area, and reducing the difference in vibrational density

Ewald summation (2,639 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

reference and the remaining cells are called images. The long-range interaction energy is the sum of interaction energies between the charges of a central

EFluor Nanocrystal (744 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

photon of higher energy. The electron and hole of the exciton have an interaction energy that is tuned by changing the physical size of the quantum dot. The

Interbilayer forces in membrane fusion (1,597 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

\lambda _{R}}\right]} where CR (>0) is a measure of the hydration interaction energy for hydrophilic molecules of the given system, λR is a characteristic

Tight binding (7,311 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

interaction energy and exchange interaction energy between electrons. There are several novel physics induced from this electron-electron interaction

Widom insertion method (846 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

T{\displaystyle T} is temperature, and ψ{\displaystyle \psi } is the interaction energy of an inserted particle with all other particles in the system. The

Estradiol 3-glucuronide 17β-sulfate (259 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Sabri P, Piechotta C, Weber M (October 2013). "Hands-off linear interaction energy approach to binding mode and affinity estimation of estrogens". J

Estradiol disulfate (159 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Sabri P, Piechotta C, Weber M (October 2013). "Hands-off linear interaction energy approach to binding mode and affinity estimation of estrogens". J

Precipitation hardening (5,467 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

below there is a tensile stress. Consequently, there is a negative interaction energy between a dislocation and a precipitate that each respectively cause

Spherical multipole moments (2,220 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

}{2\ell +1}}}Y_{\ell m}^{*}(\theta ',\phi ').} A simple formula for the interaction energy of two non-overlapping but concentric charge distributions can be

Lenoir cycle (947 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The expansion process is isentropic and hence involves no heat interaction. Energy is absorbed as heat during the isochoric heating and rejected as

Molecular mechanics (2,322 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

which distances are greater than the cutoff have a van der Waals interaction energy of zero. The electrostatic terms are notoriously difficult to calculate

Activation strain model (1,887 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

interactions of reactants that typically drive the reaction. The interaction energy is further decomposed based on an energy decomposition scheme from

Cylindrical multipole moments (1,804 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

'\right)^{k-1}}}\lambda (\rho ',\theta ')\end{aligned}}} A simple formula for the interaction energy of cylindrical multipoles (charge density 1) with a second charge

Multiplicity (chemistry) (814 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

number of near–degenerate levels that differ only in their spin–orbit interaction energy. For example, the ground state of a carbon atom is 3P (Term symbol)

Cation–π interaction (4,101 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

cations in the gas phase. For a singly charged species, the gas-phase interaction energy correlates with the ionic radius, r i o n {\displaystyle r_{\mathrm

Multipole expansion (5,452 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

charges) and nuclei (positive point charges). The total electrostatic interaction energy UAB between the two distributions is U A B = ∑ i ∈ A ∑ j ∈ B q i q

Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (2,040 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

rays would Compton scatter in a forward detector module, where the interaction energy E1, given to the recoil electron was measured, while the Compton scattered

Regular solution (570 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

as W/RT, where W = 2U12 - U11 - U22 represents the difference in interaction energy between like and unlike neighbors. In contrast to ideal solutions

Water dimer (717 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Brdarski, S.; Widmark, P.-O.; Lindh, R.; Karlström, G. The water dimer interaction energy: Convergence to the basis set limit at the correlated level, Journal

Virial coefficient (1,081 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

particles and the total n {\displaystyle n} -particle potential energy (interaction energy). The latter includes pair interactions and possibly 3-body and higher-body

Geometrical frustration (3,808 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

describe a system's inability to simultaneously minimize the competing interaction energy between its components. In general frustration is caused either by

Stöber process (5,480 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

to particle growth. The generation of the nucleation sites and the interaction energy between merging particles dictates the overall kinetics of the reaction

Density functional theory (10,545 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

due to positively charged nuclei, and Û is the electron–electron interaction energy. The operators T ^ {\displaystyle {\hat {T}}} and Û are called universal

Noro–Frenkel law of corresponding states (684 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

role in the thermodynamics behavior of a system (hard-core size, interaction energy and range) into a combination of only two quantities: an effective

Paramagnetism (4,336 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

these temperatures, the available thermal energy simply overcomes the interaction energy between the spins. In general, paramagnetic effects are quite small:

Polymer (7,697 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the fact that the driving force for mixing is usually entropy, not interaction energy. In other words, miscible materials usually form a solution not because

Rolf Widerøe (1,070 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the theoretical concept of colliding particles head-on to increase interaction energy and a storage ring device. Several sources claims that his Norwegian

Intermolecular force (3,384 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

interaction depends on the inverse sixth power of the distance, unlike the interaction energy of two spatially fixed dipoles, which depends on the inverse third

Walter H. Schottky (1,299 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{int}}(x)=-{\frac {q^{2}}{16\pi \epsilon _{0}{x}}}} . This computes the interaction energy between a point charge q and a flat metal surface, when the charge

Salt (chemistry) (6,979 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

charges and distances are required to determine the electrostatic interaction energy. For any particular ideal crystal structure, all distances are geometrically

Numerical relativity (3,696 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

1103/PhysRevLett.78.3606. S2CID 12024926. Brill, D.; Lindquist, R. (1963). "Interaction energy in geometrostatics". Phys. Rev. 131 (1): 471–476. Bibcode:1963PhRv

Stark effect (2,744 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

distribution (atom or molecule) and an external electric field. The interaction energy of a continuous charge distribution ρ ( r ) {\displaystyle \rho (\mathbf

Drug design (5,022 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

be estimated using molecular mechanics calculations. Finally the interaction energy can be estimated using methods such as the change in non polar surface

Cryogenic treatment (2,220 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

boundaries, a special type of low-energy grain boundary has lower interaction energy with dislocation leading to much smaller saturation size of the grain

Ion association (2,555 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

\Delta H^{\ominus }} . In the case of contact ion pairs, the covalent interaction energy also contributes to the enthalpy, as does the energy of displacing

Ising model (19,672 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(with ϵ {\displaystyle \epsilon } representing the nearest-neighbor interaction energy) and there are k (→ ∞ in the thermodynamic limit) generations in each

Crystal polymorphism (4,920 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

clozapine revealed that similar to olanzapine, the intermolecular interaction energy in each structure is also dominated by the Ed. Despite the molecular

Shortcut model (1,726 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

"The phase transition in the one-dimensional Ising Model with 1/r2 interaction energy". Communications in Mathematical Physics. 84 (1): 87–101. Bibcode:1982CMaPh

Partition function (statistical mechanics) (4,833 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

Suppose a system is subdivided into N sub-systems with negligible interaction energy, that is, we can assume the particles are essentially non-interacting

Quantum thermodynamics (4,487 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{D}}} , in the weak system bath coupling limit. In this limit, the interaction energy can be neglected. This approach represents a thermodynamic idealization:

ProBiS (836 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

protein−ligand complexes and allows for their geometry optimization and interaction energy calculation. The ProBiS CHARMMing server with these additional functions

Magnetogenetics (1,024 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

impurities. However, even with optimistic calculations, the magnetic interaction energy for heat or force generation is several orders below than thermal

Thomas Spencer (mathematical physicist) (559 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

"The phase transition in the one-dimensional Ising model with 1/r2 interaction energy". Comm. Math. Phys. 84 (1): 87–101. Bibcode:1982CMaPh..84...87F. doi:10

Charge density (3,738 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of electrons due to positive charges, J is the electron electron interaction energy and K is the exchange energy of electrons. The charge density appears

Force field (chemistry) (9,835 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

molecules and ionic compounds, and are critical to simulate the geometry, interaction energy, as well as the reactivity. The assignment of charges usually uses

Strong interaction (2,021 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Most of the mass of a proton or neutron is the result of the strong interaction energy; the individual quarks provide only about 1% of the mass of a proton

Partial charge (1,829 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

in molecular mechanics force fields to compute the electrostatic interaction energy using Coulomb's law, even though this leads to substantial failures

Micromagnetics (2,464 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

is everywhere aligned along an easy axis. The Zeeman energy is the interaction energy between the magnetization and any externally applied field. It's written

Good quantum number (1,353 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

[dubious – discuss] For example, the expectation value of the spin-orbit interaction energy is given by ⟨n,l,s,j,mj|ΔHSO|n,l,s,j,mj⟩=β2(j(j+1)−l(l+1)−s(s+1)){\displaystyle

Negative temperature (3,839 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

optical lattice, upper bounds were placed on the kinetic energy, interaction energy and potential energy of cold potassium-39 atoms. This was done by

Metallo (5,622 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Immortality Former: Cyborg Physiology Interchangeable Kryptonite Computer interaction Energy signature manipulation Technomorphing Computer brain Immovability

Local-density approximation (2,010 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

consists of contributions only from the kinetic energy, electrostatic interaction energy and exchange-correlation energy, and that the wavefunction is expressible

Diels–Alder reaction (7,087 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the energetically most well-matched HOMO-LUMO pair, maximizing the interaction energy by forming bonds between centers with the largest frontier orbital

Mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes (2,180 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the dislocation core energy and g(D){\displaystyle g(D)} gives the interaction energy between the defect pairs. Defect motion occurs when the work done

Quantum field theory (14,868 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the coupling constant of the strong interaction decreases as the interaction energy increases. (Similar discoveries had been made numerous times previously

Marcus theory (5,590 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

^{2}{H_{if}^{2}}}{hv\left|s_{i}-s_{f}\right|}}\right]} where Hif is the interaction energy at the intersection, v the velocity of the system through the intersection

Embrittlement (2,366 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

FCC and most HCP metals have low Peierl's barrier and weak elastic interaction energy. Plastics and rubbers also exhibit the same transition at low temperatures

Dynamic strain aging (1,252 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

determined with the element’s solubility, diffusion coefficient, and the interaction energy between the elements and dislocations, i.e. the severity of dislocation

Nitrogen clathrate (1,766 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Ramya, K.R.; Venkatnathan, Arun (November 2013). "Characterization of interaction energy and vibrational Raman spectra of nitrogen clathrate hydrates". Computational

Feshbach resonance (1,833 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{r}}_{A}} and r→B{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}_{B}}, respectively. The interaction energy of the two particles will usually depend only on the magnitude of

Hydrogen storage (14,154 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

processes are reversible since no activation energy is involved and the interaction energy is very low. In materials such as metal–organic frameworks, porous

Tests of general relativity (12,446 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

The change of time rate for resonant nuclei due to the motion and interaction energy". Il Nuovo Cimento B. 124 (8): 791–803. doi:10.1393/ncb/i2010-10808-4

Drude particle (1,322 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

order electronic responses have significant contributions to the interaction energy.[citation needed] A quantum Drude oscillator (QDO) is a natural extension

Antisymmetric exchange (2,330 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

magnetic ordering, because the systems tend to enhance the magnetic interaction energy at the cost of lattice energy. This mechanism is called "inverse

Rigid rotor (5,474 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

equilibrium value of R{\displaystyle R} (the value for which the interaction energy of the atoms in the rotor has a minimum). A typical rotational absorption

Melting-point depression (3,282 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

atoms at a normalized distance, d/d0, where d0=atomic diameter. The interaction energy is attractive where the curve is negative, and the magnitude of the

Nanotribology (5,175 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{\displaystyle F_{adhesion}=k\Delta D_{jump}} . Using the DMT model, the interaction energy per unit area can be calculated: W f l a t ( D ) = F c u r v e d (

TIM barrel (4,824 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

S (2012). "Insights into the fold organization of TIM barrel from interaction energy based structure networks". PLOS Computational Biology. 8 (5): e1002505

Frederic M. Richards (4,947 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

into 'minimizers' and 'packers'. The former seek to minimize the interaction energy among atoms or groups of atoms, whereas the latter concentrate on

Radial distribution function (4,543 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

on the sign of u ( r ) {\displaystyle u(r)} (higher for negative interaction energy and lower for positive u ( r ) {\displaystyle u(r)} ). As the density

DNA annotation (7,339 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

"Preferential codon usage in prokaryotic genes: the optimal codon-anticodon interaction energy and the selective codon usage in efficiently expressed genes". Gene

Darwin Lagrangian (2,582 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{\hat {r}} \right]\cdot \mathbf {p} _{2}.} This Hamiltonian gives the interaction energy between the two particles. It has recently been argued that when expressed

Lippmann–Schwinger equation (2,563 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{\displaystyle H_{0}={\frac {p^{2}}{2m}}.} Intuitively V is the interaction energy of the system. Let there be an eigenstate of H0: H 0 | ϕ ⟩ = E | ϕ

Van der Waals equation (12,445 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

intermolecular potential. We divide here the potential by two because this interaction energy is shared between two particles. Thus: z = ( V − N b ′ ) e − ϕ / (

Tensor operator (9,015 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

called the Hamiltonian), the potential energy, and the dipole-dipole interaction energy of two atoms. Examples of vector operators are the momentum, the position

Synthetic setae (4,223 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

particle to one or more spatulae. In other words, the Van der Waals interaction energy for the particle-wall system requires a sufficiently great number

Non-neutral plasma (2,483 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

The coupling parameter can be thought of as the ratio of the mean interaction energy between nearest-neighbor pairs, q 2 / ( 4 π ϵ 0 a ) {\displaystyle

Hückel method (7,291 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

called α, the energy of an electron in a 2p orbital, and β, the interaction energy between two 2p orbitals (the extent to which an electron is stabilized

Coupling coefficient of resonators (4,061 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

shown that κ {\displaystyle \kappa } can be expressed in terms of the interaction energy between the resonators' modes. Dishal, M. (Sept. 1949) "Design of

Electron-on-helium qubit (2,406 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

neighbours. At low temperatures (typically below 1 K) the Coulomb interaction energy overcomes the electron thermal energy and the electrons form a 2D

DNA-functionalized quantum dots (2,269 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of solution. The colloidal stability is estimated from the total interaction energy between two particles which calculated by the DLVO equation

Boranylium ions (2,860 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

pi-conjugation, albeit acting as weaker pi-donors than neutral N-donors. The interaction energy between a BH2+ fragment and various NHCs has been calculated using

Bose–Hubbard model (3,830 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

and J becoming density-dependent. Instead of one parameter U, the interaction energy of n particles may be described by U n {\displaystyle U_{n}} close

Gross–Pitaevskii equation (4,517 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

healing length can calculated by equating the quantum pressure and the interaction energy: ℏ 2 2 m ξ 2 = g n ⟹ ξ = ( 8 π n a s ) − 1 / 2 {\displaystyle {\frac

Thomson problem (2,911 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of the large N behavior of the minimum energy. The electrostatic interaction energy occurring between each pair of electrons of equal charges ( e i =

Alex Zettl (5,149 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

collapsed state, which led to a refined quantification of the interlayer interaction energy in graphite; this important parameter had previously been surprisingly

Pines' demon (1,117 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

wavelengths. Gapped in bulk materials due to long-ranged Coulomb interaction. Energy scale Disperses on scale of ω ∼ v f k {\displaystyle \omega \sim

Cubic equations of state (8,348 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{\frac {g'(\beta )}{g(\beta )}}\right]} where A is the molecular interaction energy parameter, B is the co-volume parameter, m ¯ {\displaystyle {\bar

Ionic Coulomb blockade (4,057 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

dehydration energy, EnDH{\displaystyle E_{n}^{\rm {DH}}} and ion-ion local interaction energy EnINT{\displaystyle E_{n}^{\rm {INT}}}: En=EnES+EnDH+EnINT..

Non-canonical base pairing (11,728 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

base pairs are not necessarily very strong or stable in terms of interaction energy. Several base pairs have been detected on the basis of weak hydrogen