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basal of the three lineages. The phylogeny of the Obazoa is shown in the cladogram. Brown, M.W.; Sharpe, S.C.; Silberman, J.D.; Heiss, A.A.; Lang, B.F.;

Pancrustacea hypothesis that maxillopods are not monophyletic (in the following cladograms Maxillopoda subclasses are highlighted). In addition, there appeared some

it is considered to be a subgroup of the mammalian crown group. The cladogram below follows Luo et al. (2016): Rowe, T. (1988). "Definition, diagnosis

one of two major lineages of extant vascular plants. As shown in the cladogram below, the euphyllophytes have a sister relationship to the lycopodiophytes

specifically, emended to Youngina capensis) than to Petrolacosaurus. The cladogram presented here illustrates the "family tree" of reptiles, and follows

Rafetus is a genus of highly endangered softshell turtles in the family Trionychidae. It is a genus of large turtles which are found in freshwater habitats

the ancestral features that were present in the ancestral saurian. The cladogram shown below follows the most likely result found by an analysis of turtle

ancestors, such as Archaeopteryx, which had long, reptilian tails. The cladogram below follows the results of a phylogenetic study by Wang et al., 2016

constitute the Zingiberineae (Cladogram I) and also the basal Strelitziineae (Strelitziaceae-Lowiaceae) sister group (Cladogram II) were strongly supported

Viridiplantae (literally "green plants") constitute a clade of eukaryotic organisms that comprises approximately 450,000–500,000 species that play important

Furnariidae: ovenbirds and woodcreepers (includes Dendrocolaptidae) The cladogram below showing the family level phylogenetic relationships of the Tyrannides

clade with Colossosauria and Saltasauroidea, presenting the informal cladogram of stable titanosaur clades below. Sanz, J.L.; Powell, J.E.; Le Loeuff

The bulbuls are members of a family, Pycnonotidae, of medium-sized passerine songbirds, which also includes greenbuls, brownbuls, leafloves, and bristlebills

sister group to Synapsida within Amniota, based on inner ear anatomy. The cladogram presented here illustrates the phylogeny (family tree) of amniotes, and

group, though they had Aeolosaurini within Colossosauria. The informal cladogram of titanosaur relationships they proposed is shown below. França, M.A

genus used for the formation of the family Rebbachisauridae. The 2015 cladogram of Fanti et al. is shown below. Fanti, F.; Cau, A.; Cantelli, L.; Hassine

Afroinsectiphilia, a clade within Afrotheria. The generally accepted cladogram of living Tenrecoidea is: Infraclass Eutheria: placental mammals Superorder

States, extending into the Middle-Late Permian in Eurasia. Below is a cladogram from Schoch (2018) showing the phylogenetic position of Olsoniformes within

Together with the Ichthyosporea they form the Holozoa. An up to date cladogram is The alternative hypotheses is the Teretosporea clade. Hehenberger,

Dryolestidae is an extinct family of Mesozoic mammals, known from the Middle Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous of the North Hemisphere. The oldest known

being placed as non-saurian diapsids or as basal archosauromorphs. The cladogram shown hereafter is the result of an analysis of sauropterygian relationships

Catsharks are ground sharks of the family Scyliorhinidae. They are the largest family of sharks with around 160 species placed in 17 genera. Although they

are Opneme-Dipheme respectively] A "classical" cladogram (data from 2012, 2015) is: However, a cladogram (data from 2015, 2016) with the root in Excavata

gavialids to be more closely related than the alligators. Below is a cladogram showing the relationships of the major crocodilian groups based on molecular

all the species except the 6 recognised New Zealand wrens. Source for cladogram: They are the suboscines, which have different syrinx structures than

Cladogram based on Oliveros et al. (2019)

basal position than other brasilodontids, just outside Prozostrodontia. Cladogram from Martinelli et al., 2017: Bonaparte, J. F., Soares, M. B. & Schultz

Pseudoscorpions, also known as false scorpions or book scorpions, are small, scorpion-like arachnids belonging to the order Pseudoscorpiones, also known

Caviramus were moved into their own family, Raeticodactylidae. The below cladogram follows that analysis. In 2020 however, a study upheld by Matthew G. Baron

armadillos. The name is the Latinised form of the Kalini word for "armadillo". Cladogram of living Cabassous The genus contains the following four species: Wikimedia

Arhynchobdellida, the proboscisless leeches, are a monophyletic order of leeches. They are defined by the lack of the protrusible proboscis that defines

Ordovician) Chasmataspidida Caster & Brooks, 1956 (Lower Ordovician) Cladogram after Lasmdell 2020. Paleontology portal Arthropods portal Synziphosurine

Pseudoscorpions, also known as false scorpions or book scorpions, are small, scorpion-like arachnids belonging to the order Pseudoscorpiones, also known

Galechirus Galeops Galepus Infraorder Dicynodontia Cladogram modified from Cisneros et al., 2015. Cladogram modified from Angielczyk and Kammerer (2017): Theriodont

of South Africa. It is currently the earliest known lepdosauromorph. Cladogram after Ford, et al. 2021: Ford, David P.; Evans, Susan E.; Choiniere, Jonah

Chlorokybophyceae) are at the base of charophytes (streptophytes). The cladograms below show consensus phylogenetic relationships based on plastid genomes

becomes a junior synonym to the Strepsirrhini. Below is a simplified cladogram. A 2018 study puts Donrussellia as sister to crown primates. Adapiforms

genera in the Lymnaeidae does not reflect evolutionary relationships. A cladogram based on sequences of 16S, internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and ITS2

in 2015. This second cladogram is based on the redescription of Dilophosaurus by Marsh and Rowe (2020). This third cladogram is based on the larger

reported from Switzerland. It is generally considered a basal sphenodontian. Cladogram following Chambi-Trowell et al., 2021. A. B. Heckert. 2004. Late Triassic

and mammaliaforms, the roots were incompletely divided. The following cladogram is from the phylogenetic analysis of Wallace et al., 2019. Pseudotherium

and mammaliaforms, the roots were incompletely divided. The following cladogram is from the phylogenetic analysis of Wallace et al., 2019. Pseudotherium

very large species. Together, both comprise the suborder Latimerioidei. Cladogram after Toriño et al., 2021. Ferrante, C.; Cavin, L. (2023). "Early Mesozoic

Proganochelys. It may serve as a synapomorphy for this proposed clade. The cladogram shown below follows the most likely result found by an analysis of turtle

Microhyrax was a prehistoric genus of herbivorous hyrax-grouped mammal. It lived during the Eocene period from 55.8 to 40.4 million years ago in modern-day

remaining five families. The phylogeny of the families is shown in the cladogram. The fossil form Leefructus, described in 2011, has been recognized as

inclusive group containing both Anhangueria and Targaryendraconia. The cladogram below is a topology recovered by Jacobs et al. (2019). Their analysis

Known fossils are of Late Devonian age (383 to 359 million years ago). A cladogram published in 2004 by Crane et al. places Serrulacaulis in the core of

that many of the Partula species are not monophyletic. The resulting cladogram is shown below. Partula species on Tahiti were usually found on the undersides

Ichthyostegalia. The cladogram is based on a phylogenetic analysis of 46 taxa using 204 characters by B. Swartz in 2012. The following cladogram follows the results

be a relatively basal sphenodontian that lies outside Eusphenodontia. Cladogram following Sues and Schoch, 2023: Evans, S. E.; Prasad, G.V.R.; Manhas

be a relatively basal sphenodontian that lies outside Eusphenodontia. Cladogram following Sues and Schoch, 2023: Paleontology portal Rhynchocephalia Evans

tree. The below cladogram follows an analysis by Clint A. Boyd published in 2015 on the relationships of neornithischians: The cladogram below results from

Temminck, 1836. The cladogram below is based on a study of the babblers by Tianlong Cai and collaborators published in 2019. The cladogram below shows the

brasiliensis, helped differentiate these two co-occurring sphenodontian taxa. Cladogram following Chambi-Trowell et al., 2021 Chambi-Trowell, Sofia A. V.; Martinelli

fossils are of Lochkovian to Pragian age (419 to 408 million years ago). A cladogram published in 2004 by Crane et al. places Thrinkophyton in the core of

Dam. The probable relationships within Equisetopsida are shown in the cladogram below. The position where Ibyka would be added. Thomas N. Taylor, Edith

supported by among other characters, the growth pattern of the teeth. Cladogram after Simoes et al. 2022. Paleontology portal Reynoso, Victor-Hugo (1996-06-05)

axes. Known fossils are of Emsian age (408 to 393 million years ago). A cladogram published in 2004 by Crane et al. places Anisophyton in the core of a

Calostemmateae within subfamily Amaryllidoideae is shown in the following cladogram: Müller-Doblies & Müller-Doblies 1996. Meerow & Snijman 2006. Meerow,

Fossils came from Pragian age rocks (411 to 408 million years ago). A cladogram published in 2004 by Crane et al. places Tarella in the core of a paraphyletic

sister group to pigeons within Columbimorphae instead as shown in the cladogram below: Columbea Otidae Metaves Prum, R. O. et al. A comprehensive phylogeny

been from the Lochkovian to the Pragian, 419 to 408 million years ago. A cladogram published in 2004 by Crane et al. places Gosslingia in the core of a paraphyletic

Deheubarthia was a genus of Early Devonian land plant with branching axes. A cladogram published in 2004 by Crane et al. places Deheubarthia in the core of a

2010), or synonymous with the Pterosauria (Andres, 2010). Below is a cladogram showing the phylogenetic analysis conducted by Brian Andres and colleagues

The Strepsiptera (/strɛpˈsɪptərə/) are an order of insects with eleven extant families that include about 600 described species. They are endoparasites

of India) – a bat Rumiodon (Paleogene of Peru) – placement uncertain Cladogram after, showing a paraphyletic Herpetotheriidae. Asher et al. 2007, p. 318

out of every three species of land vertebrate is a bird species. The cladogram presented here illustrates the "family tree" of sauropsids, and follows

helodermatids and the group containing monitor lizards and snakes. Below is a cladogram from the 1998 anaylis: In a 2008 analysis, the basal positioning of Telmasaurus

inclusive group. The cladogram below follows the results of a phylogenetic analysis by Lee et al., 2014: The following cladogram below follows the results

Cladogram of Procolophonoidea, excluding members of Procolophonidae Cisneros et al. 2004

found from the Pragian to the Emsian (411 to 393 million years ago). A cladogram published in 2004 by Crane et al. places Oricilla in the core of a paraphyletic

class Zosterophyllopsida. They bore branches and scalariform tracheids. A cladogram published in 2004 by Crane et al. places Crenaticaulis in the core of

1960s. The probable relationships within Equisetidae are shown in the cladogram below. The position where Ibyka would be has been added. Taylor, Thomas

Known fossils are of Early Devonian age (419 to 393 million years ago). A cladogram published in 2004 by Crane et al. places Konioria in the core of a paraphyletic

Atriplex species were grouped into several clades. The following is a cladogram with estimated divergence times for the tribe Atripliceae. To infer the

Molecular analysis has clarified the group's phylogeny, as shown in the cladogram. The Endopterygota are distinguished from the Exopterygota by the way

Ages and the subsequent recession of seagrasses—their main food source. Cladogram on the relations of the hydrodamalines based on a 2004 study by Hitoshi

field of Chinese dinosaurs. Wang et al. didn't publish in their paper any cladogram presenting the position of the new genus on the evolutionary tree of Titanosauriformes

gliding habits similar to that of colugos. In the following simplified cladogram, the crown primates are classified as highly derived Plesiadapiformes

Genus-level cladogram of the Myocastorini. The cladogram has been reconstructed from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA characters.

Figure 1. Cladogram of the Arthoniales, rooted with Curvularia brachyspora, Cudonia circinans and Seynesia erumpens as the outgroup. The cladogram shows the

Genus-level cladogram of the Capromyidae with their relationship to Carterodon and Euryzygomatomyinae. The cladogram has been reconstructed from mitochondrial

to Concornis and Cathayornis (or Sinornis). The cladogram below is from Wang et al., 2015: The cladogram below is from Wang et al., 2022: Key to letters:

Schlickum, 1964: synonym of † Ferrissia wittmanni (Schlickum, 1964) A cladogram based on sequences of mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome-c

Figure 1. Cladogram of the Arthoniales, rooted with Curvularia brachyspora, Cudonia circinans and Seynesia erumpens as the outgroup. The cladogram shows the

and gently sloping posterodorsally. Below is a cladogram published in 2013 by Loewen et al.. Cladogram published in 2018. 2010 in paleontology List of

period. It includes the genera Araripesuchus and Uruguaysuchus. Below is a cladogram from Soto et al. (2011): Soto, M.; Pol, D.; Perea, D. (2011). "A new specimen

to Concornis and Cathayornis (or Sinornis). The cladogram below is from Wang et al., 2015: The cladogram below is from Wang et al., 2022: Key to letters:

tuberiferus, Lambeosaurus lambei, or Parasaurolophus walkeri. The following cladogram shows the results of a phylogenetic analysis of hadrosaur relationships

suggested that Ocepechelon was the most basal dermochelyid known. Below is a cladogram from the description of Ocepechelon, by Bardet et al. (2013). However

that other barinophytes did not have naked stems. Two very different cladograms have been produced showing the evolutionary relationships of taxa assigned

Genus-level cladogram of the Capromyidae with their relationship to Carterodon and Euryzygomatomyinae. The cladogram has been reconstructed from mitochondrial

closer to prozostrodontians than the probainognathids. Cladogram from Martinelli et al. (2016) Cladogram from Stefanello et al. (2023) Martinelli, A. G.; Soares

vertebrae. Below is a phylogenetical cladogram showing the position of Epachthosaurus within Titanosauria: The cladogram below follows Mocho et al. (2019)

considerable throughout the Devonian, only the limbed tetrapods survived beyond. Cladogram from Swartz, 2012: Clement, A. M.; Cloutier, R.; Lu, J.; Perilli, E.;

Genus-level cladogram of the Capromyidae with their relationship to Carterodon and Euryzygomatomyinae. The cladogram has been reconstructed from mitochondrial

related to the species "Sinopterus" gui and Nemicolopterus crypticus. Their cladogram is shown on the left. Later, in 2017, in another phylogenetic analysis

Rio de Janeiro. The cladogram below follows Franca et al. (2016), placing Muyelensaurus as a basal lithostrotian. The cladogram below follows Mocho et

more advanced than Dilong. However, in 2013 Loewen et al. published a cladogram placing Juratyrant as a sister taxon to Stokesosaurus inside Proceratosauridae

structure as opposed to the branches found in the Dendrobranchiata. The cladogram below shows Pleocyemata as the sister clade to Dendrobranchiata within

sister groups after all, the clade has been abandoned. A recent possible cladogram is shown which would show that the Lophotrochozoa emerged within Platyzoa

denticles. Below is a cladogram from Steyer (2002) showing the phylogenetic relationships of trematosaurids: Trematosaurus in a cladogram after Novikov (2018)

including humans †Amphipithecidae †Eosimiidae †Aseanpithecus Below is a cladogram with some of the extinct simian species with the more modern species emerging

is a cladogram conducted by Hartman et al. 2019, in which Unenlagia is found to be a more derived member alongside Dakotaraptor: This cladogram is from

membership of Gallodactylidae back to just Gallodactylus and Cycnorhamphus. Cladogram following the latest version of Andres' data set, published by Longrich

Anhangueridae, and as the sister taxon of several Anhanguera species. Their cladogram is shown on the left. In 2020 however, a study by Borja Holgado and Rodrigo

splint-like metatarsal one.” The following two cladograms illustrate the two opinions. The following is a cladogram based on the paper by Sereno (1986) that

temnospondyl amphibians within the family Trematosauridae. Below is a cladogram from Steyer (2002) showing the phylogenetic relationships of trematosaurids:

dobruskii). A more recent phylogenetic study reinforces this placement. The cladogram on the left follows the 2014 phylogenetic analysis by Brian Andres and

Anhangueridae as a derived member of the more inclusive group Anhangueria. Their cladogram is shown on the left. In 2020, a different topology by Borja Holgado and

a new phylogeny and classification for the subfamily. Their preferred cladogram is shown below. The 2016 study was unable to fully resolve the two genera

1982): synonym of Margarya monodi (Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1905) The cladogram based on sequences of mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome-c

agreement with several groupings of classes and phyla. One feature of the cladogram obtained with this method is the clustering of cell wall morphology (with

alphaproteobacterium HIMB59, basal to the remainder The above results in a cladogram of the Pelagibacterales as follows: A 2011 study by researchers of the

Genus-level cladogram of the Myocastorini. The cladogram has been reconstructed from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA characters.

the family Entelodontidae and the genus Andrewsarchus. "A 'consensus cladogram' for artiodactyls". Archived from the original on 2012-05-16. Retrieved

Amaryllideae within subfamily Amaryllidoideae is shown in the following cladogram: There are four subtribes: Amaryllidinae Pax Boophoninae D.Müll.-Doblies

Genus-level cladogram of the Myocastorini. The cladogram has been reconstructed from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA characters.

the family Entelodontidae and the genus Andrewsarchus. "A 'consensus cladogram' for artiodactyls". Archived from the original on 2012-05-16. Retrieved

its original description to belong to none of these groups. The below cladogram illustrates the taxonomy proposed in the original description of Chilesaurus

Cyrtantheae within subfamily Amaryllidoideae is shown in the following cladogram: There are over 50 recognized species, all native to central and southern

consistently recovered as the earliest diverging member of Archosauromorpha. The cladogram below follows an analysis by Ezcurra (2016), and highlights the position

to its own genus, Trematosuchus, by D.M.S. Watson in 1919. Below is a cladogram from Steyer (2002) showing the phylogenetic relationships of trematosaurids:

Majungasaurus than to Carnotaurus. The cladogram below shows the result of the study's phylogenetic analysis. The following cladogram is a consensus tree of the latest

Amaryllideae within subfamily Amaryllidoideae is shown in the following cladogram: There are four subtribes: Amaryllidinae Pax Boophoninae D.Müll.-Doblies

pressure, instead of (homologous) traits derived from a shared ancestor. Cladogram after Novas et al., 2011: The phylogenetic analysis of Otero et al., 2015

all modern birds also evolved a better sense of smell. The following cladogram is based on the analysis by Hartman et al. (2019), which found flight

trematosaurian temnospondyl within the family Trematosauridae. Below is a cladogram from Steyer (2002) showing the phylogenetic relationships of trematosaurids:

Lycorideae within subfamily Amaryllidoideae is shown in the following cladogram: There are two genera: Lycoris Ungernia Herbert, William. 1820. Botanical

but studies now place it as an atypical member of the Motacillidae. The cladogram below showing the relationships between families is based on a study of

to be a possible spinosaurid, both based on the large hand claws. The cladogram shown below follows an analysis by Porfiri et al., 2014. In the 2022 description

birds, more advanced than Deinonychosauria and Oviraptorosauria. The cladogram below follows an analysis by Yuong-Nam Lee, Rinchen Barsbold, Philip J

Garryaceae, Griselinia, Corokia, and Kaliphora, among others. Likely cladogram for Cornales: Molecular data suggest four clades are within the Cornales:

synapomorphies: gut parasitism and the loss of peroxisomes and phagocytosis. The cladogram below shows the relationships between Opalinata and the rest of Opalozoa

Species-level cladogram of the genus Proechimys. The cladogram has been reconstructed from morphological characters and mitochondrial DNA (cytochrome b)

trematosaurian temnospondyl within the family Trematosauridae. Below is a cladogram from Steyer (2002) showing the phylogenetic relationships of trematosaurids:

the Trematosaurinae had more "normal" crocodile-like skulls. Below is a cladogram from Steyer (2002) showing the phylogenetic relationships of trematosaurids:

the Trematosaurinae had more "normal" crocodile-like skulls. Below is a cladogram from Steyer (2002) showing the phylogenetic relationships of trematosaurids:

characteristic of WWPC species. A hybrid origin has been suggested. A simplified cladogram is shown below: Within the purple pink clade (PPC), C. crispus is consistently

lacks vascular tissue and has branched stems bearing sporangia. For the cladogram, see the Horneophytopsida article. Fanning, U.; Edwards, D. & Richardson

and Zhuchengtyrannus. Below is a cladogram illustrating the relationships of all tyrannosaurid genera: The cladogram below is based on a phylogenetic

Genus-level cladogram of the Echimyinae. The cladogram has been reconstructed from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA characters.

Cyrtantheae within subfamily Amaryllidoideae is shown in the following cladogram: There are over 50 recognized species, all native to central and southern

Elliotherium, Pachygenelus, Diarthrognathus, and Tritheledon. The below cladogram was found by Martinelli and Rougier in 2007 and modified by Soares et

taxon of Ornithocheirus. Their cladogram is shown on the left. In 2018, Jacobs et al. also recovered a similar cladogram compared to Andres and Myers (2013)

sapiens is the only surviving subspecies. A cladogram indicating common names (cf. more detailed cladogram below): Hominidae was originally the name given

Species-level cladogram of the genus Proechimys. The cladogram has been reconstructed from morphological characters and mitochondrial DNA (cytochrome b)

closely related to Jurassic plesiosaurs like Cryptocleidus. Below is a cladogram from a 2004 study which supported a similar classification: In 2007, Polycotylus

a high coronoid eminence that Chinlea does not. Of the species on the cladogram, Chinlea is the only one not known to continue into the Jurassic, and

Tramuntanasaurus Dubious Captorhinids Puercosaurus Riabininus Chamasaurus The cladogram below follows the topology from a 2011 analysis by paleontologists Robert