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searching for Abbasid Revolution 90 found (350 total)

alternate case: abbasid Revolution

Kaysanites (2,130 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

populace (even overshadowing the Imamis) until shortly after the Abbasid revolution. Initially they broke away from the religiously moderate attitudes
Tell Mannas (399 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Williams, John Alden (ed.). The History of al-Tabari Vol. 27: The 'Abbasid Revolution. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-87395-884-5.
Muslim conquest of Khorasan (2,282 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
York: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84511-645-3. Shaban, M. A. (1979). The ʿAbbāsid Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-29534-3. Sharon
Abd al-Wahid ibn Sulayman (1,075 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
JSTOR 41608619. Elad, Amikam (2000). "The Ethnic Composition of the 'Abbasid Revolution: A Reevaluation of Some Recent Research". Jerusalem Studies in Arabic
Timeline of the Türgesh (286 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
of Xinjiang, Columbia University Press Shaban, M. A. (1979), The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-29534-3 Wang,
Al-Muqanna (1,051 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
come from Balkh (Balḵ), not Sogdiana, Hāšem participated in the ʿAbbāsid revolution (see ABBASID CALIPHATE) and continued to serve as a soldier and secretary
Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya (338 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
hadith, and had narrated a few accepted hadiths." Shaban, M.A., The 'Abbāsid Revolution (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970), 139. ISBN 978-0521295345
Muslim conquest of Sistan (435 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Muhammad Abd Al Hayy; Shaʻbān, Muḥammad ʻAbd al-Ḥayy Muḥammad (March 21, 1970). "The 'Abbāsid Revolution". Cambridge University Press – via Google Books.
Ibrahim ibn al-Walid (511 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
John Alden, ed. (1985). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXVII: The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, A.D. 743–750/A.H. 126–132. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies.
Principality of Chaghaniyan (1,198 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Royal Asiatic Society. OCLC 499987512. Shaban, M. A. (1979). The 'Abbāsid Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-29534-3. Blankinship
Abd al-Samad ibn Ali (333 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
held a high degree of influence during the early years following the Abbasid Revolution. His nephew, al-Mansur appointed him governor of Medina and Mecca
Moshe Sharon (1,176 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
and Conflict, 1989 Revolt: The Social and Military Aspects of the Abbasid Revolution: Black Banners from the East II, 1990 Judaism in the Context of Diverse
Abd Allah ibn Khazim al-Sulami (1,515 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Silk Road. Princeton University Press. Shaban, M. A. (1979). The Abbasid Revolution. Cambridge University Press. pp. 160–161. ISBN 0-521-29534-3. Fishbein
Jurchen unification (2,261 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Exotics, University of California Press Shaban, M. A. (1979), The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-29534-3 Sima,
Rabi ibn Ziyad al-Harithi (418 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
1986, pp. 203–210. Shaban 1979, p. 32. Shaban, M. A. (1979). The ʿAbbāsid Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-29534-3. Pourshariati
Timeline of Xinjiang under Qing rule (903 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Exotics, University of California Press Shaban, M. A. (1979), The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-29534-3 Sinor
Jund Hims (2,000 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
John Alden, ed. (1985). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXVII: The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, A.D. 743–750/A.H. 126–132. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies.
Timeline of the Göktürks (877 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Eighteen Lectures on Dunhuang, Brill Shaban, M. A. (1979), The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-29534-3 Sima,
Bidun of Bukhara (205 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Royal Asiatic Society. OCLC 685253133. Shaban, M. A. (1979). The 'Abbāsid Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-29534-3. B. A.
List of black flags (1,109 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Black Standard used by Abu Muslim in his uprising leading to the Abbasid Revolution in 747. During the German Peasants' War in the 16th century, the white
Türgesh (2,082 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
of Xinjiang, Columbia University Press Shaban, M. A. (1979), The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-29534-5 Skaff
Protectorate General to Pacify the North (1,613 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Eighteen Lectures on Dunhuang, Brill Shaban, M. A. (1979), The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-29534-3 Sima,
Timeline of Mongols prior to the Mongol Empire (1,217 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Exotics, University of California Press Shaban, M. A. (1979), The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-29534-3 Sima,
Yunnan under Ming rule (1,952 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Exotics, University of California Press Shaban, M. A. (1979), The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-29534-3 Sinor
Four Garrisons of Anxi (2,155 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Eighteen Lectures on Dunhuang, Brill Shaban, M. A. (1979), The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-29534-3 Sima,
Timeline of the Tibetan Empire (1,071 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Eighteen Lectures on Dunhuang, Brill Shaban, M. A. (1979), The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-29534-3 Shakabpa
Abd al-Rahman ibn Ziyad (445 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-0040-1. Shaban, M. A. (1979). The Abbasid Revolution. Cambridge University Press. pp. 160–161. ISBN 0-521-29534-3.
Bukhar Khudahs (1,127 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Royal Asiatic Society. OCLC 685253133. Shaban, M. A. (1979). The 'Abbāsid Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-29534-3. Litvinsky
Timeline of the Karluks (841 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Eighteen Lectures on Dunhuang, Brill Shaban, M. A. (1979), The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-29534-3 Sima,
Ghalib ibn Abd Allah al-Laythi (850 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
New York Press. ISBN 978-0-87395-933-9. Shaban, M. A. (1979). The 'Abbāsid Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-29534-3. McDonald
Islam in Iran (8,030 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
followed by a rapid increase in the number of conversions after the ʿAbbasid revolution, so that by the time when regional dynasties had been established
Day of Thirst (1,313 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
and New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-24072-7. Shaban, M. A. (1979). The 'Abbāsid Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-29534-3.
List of Umayyad governors of Iraq (1,432 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Garnet Publishing Limited, 2000. ISBN 0-86372-238-5 Shaban, M. A. The 'Abbasid Revolution. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1970. ISBN 0-521-07849-0
Timeline of the Era of Fragmentation (836 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
E. (2015), A Historical Atlas of Tibet Shaban, M. A. (1979), The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-29534-3 Sima,
Timeline of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (1,394 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Exotics, University of California Press Shaban, M. A. (1979), The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-29534-3 Sima,
Persianization (2,965 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
receptiveness to Persian cultural influence and the roots of the Abbasid revolution in Khorasan, now in Afghanistan A proverb complained about the Persianization
Siege of Lüshun (1,535 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Exotics, University of California Press Shaban, M. A. (1979), The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-29534-3 Sinor
Umayya ibn Abdallah ibn Khalid ibn Asid (871 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Exploration Society. 2 (3): 183–187. JSTOR 27924483. Shaban, M. A. (1979). The Abbasid Revolution. Cambridge University Press. pp. 160–161. ISBN 0-521-29534-3.
Tangut people (3,264 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Eighteen Lectures on Dunhuang, Brill Shaban, M. A. (1979), The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-29534-3 Rockhill
Ishaq ibn Talha (660 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-87395-933-9. Shaban, M. A. (1970). The Abbasid Revolution. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-29534-3.
Chaghaniyan (1,894 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
UNESCO. pp. 1–569. ISBN 9789231032110. Shaban, M. A. (1979). The 'Abbāsid Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-29534-3. Wellhausen
Bukhara (5,805 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Royal Asiatic Society. OCLC 685253133. Shaban, M. A. (1979). The 'Abbāsid Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-29534-3. Bosworth
Salm ibn Ziyad (1,333 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-1895-6. Shaban, M. A. (1970). The Abbasid Revolution. Cambridge University Press. pp. 160–161. ISBN 0-521-29534-3.
Tughshada (724 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Royal Asiatic Society. OCLC 499987512. Shaban, M. A. (1979). The 'Abbāsid Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-29534-3. B. A.
Amir al-hajj (3,195 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
John Alden, ed. (1985). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXVII: The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, A.D. 743–750/A.H. 126–132. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies.
Sa'id ibn Hisham (743 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
John Alden, ed. (1985). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXVII: The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, A.D. 743–750/A.H. 126–132. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies.
Al-Tabari (5,915 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
region or perhaps arrived with the wave of Muslim colonists after the Abbasid revolution, either as converts or Arab settlers. Gaston Wiet, etc, "The Great
Abd Allah ibn Amir (2,434 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Baladhuri Futuh, p. 403 and pp. 418-22 Shaban, M. A. (1979). The 'Abbāsid Revolution. pp. 17–18. Kennedy, Hugh N. (March 22, 2008). The Great Arab Conquests:
Sa'id ibn Uthman (1,372 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Studies in Arabic and Islam. 24: 327–342. Shaban, M. A. (1979). The 'Abbāsid Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-29534-3. Wellhausen
Uthman (7,453 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Francis. p. 558. ISBN 978-0-415-96692-4. Shaban, M. A. (1979). The 'Abbāsid Revolution. p. 17–18. Stephen Humphreys, R. (1990). translation The History of
Timeline of the Tanguts (1,149 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Exotics, University of California Press Shaban, M. A. (1979), The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-29534-3 Sima,
Ibn al-Muqaffa' (3,002 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
in 757." Said Amir Arjomand, "`Abd Allah Ibn al-Muqaffa` and the `Abbasid Revolution," Iranian Studies, 27:33 (1994). Josef W. Meri (2005). Medieval Islamic
Abbad ibn Ziyad (1,054 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
J. Brill. pp. 881–882. OCLC 495469525. Shaban, M. A. (1979). The Abbasid Revolution. Cambridge University Press. pp. 160–161. ISBN 0-521-29534-3. Zetterstéen
Kara-Khanid Khanate (7,656 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Eighteen Lectures on Dunhuang, Brill Shaban, M. A. (1979), The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-29534-3 Sima,
Qutayba ibn Muslim (4,368 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Zhang & Samghabadi (1996), pp. 449–456. Shaban, M. A. (1970). The ʿAbbāsid Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-29534-3. Wellhausen
Hindu Kush (8,664 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Academic. pp. 110–111. ISBN 978-0-391-04173-8. M. A. Shaban (1979). The 'Abbāsid Revolution. Cambridge University Press. pp. 8–9. ISBN 978-0-521-29534-5. André
Hindu Kush (8,664 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Academic. pp. 110–111. ISBN 978-0-391-04173-8. M. A. Shaban (1979). The 'Abbāsid Revolution. Cambridge University Press. pp. 8–9. ISBN 978-0-521-29534-5. André
Qutayba ibn Muslim (4,368 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Zhang & Samghabadi (1996), pp. 449–456. Shaban, M. A. (1970). The ʿAbbāsid Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-29534-3. Wellhausen
Bakkar ibn Abd al-Malik (299 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
John Alden, ed. (1985). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXVII: The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, A.D. 743–750/A.H. 126–132. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies.
Tokhara Yabghus (5,450 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
pp. 117–144. ISBN 978-0-7546-6956-2. Shaban, M. A. (1970). The ʿAbbāsid Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-29534-3. Gibb
Nezak Tarkhan (692 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Pennsylvania: Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-81740-3. Shaban, M. A. (1970). The ʿAbbāsid Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-29534-3.
Asad ibn Abdallah al-Qasri (3,143 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 925–927. OCLC 495469525. Shaban, M. A. (1979). The ʿAbbāsid Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-29534-3.
Abd Allah ibn Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz (452 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
John Alden, ed. (1985). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXVII: The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, A.D. 743–750/A.H. 126–132. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies.
Mudrik ibn al-Muhallab (368 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-88706-721-1. Shaban, M. A. (1970). The Abbasid Revolution. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-29534-3.
Abu Hamza al-Mukhtar (412 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
John Alden, ed. (1985). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXVII: The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, A.D. 743–750/A.H. 126–132. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies.
Graeco-Arabic translation movement (3,837 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
supporting a growing institutional interest in secular Greek learning. The Abbasid revolution and the move to a new capital in Baghdad introduced the ruling administration
Gunpowder weapons in the Song dynasty (7,650 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Exotics, University of California Press Shaban, M. A. (1979), The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-29534-3 Sima,
List of terms for ethnic out-groups (1,704 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
A classical term for a non-Arab Muslim. Fell out of use after the Abbasid revolution. Mleccha (Sanskrit; A Vedic Sanskrit term for a non-Aryan person.
Timeline of the Qing dynasty (2,034 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Exotics, University of California Press Shaban, M. A. (1979), The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-29534-3 Sinor
Western Xia (10,289 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Eighteen Lectures on Dunhuang, Brill Shaban, M. A. (1979), The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-29534-3
Khazars (25,043 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
overstretched army. A third Muslim civil war soon broke out, leading to the Abbasid Revolution and the fall of the Umayyad dynasty in 750. In 758, the Abbasid Caliph
Emperor Taizong of Tang (12,850 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Exotics, University of California Press Shaban, M. A. (1979), The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-29534-3 Sima,
Nanzhao (8,065 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Exotics. University of California Press. Shaban, M. A. (1979). The ʿAbbāsid Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-29534-3. Sima
Timeline of the Song dynasty (2,630 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Exotics, University of California Press Shaban, M. A. (1979), The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-29534-3 Sima,
Hephthalites (16,724 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-05937-4. Shaban, M. A. (1970). The ʿAbbāsid Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-29534-3. West
Timeline of the Jurchens (1,587 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Exotics, University of California Press Shaban, M. A. (1979), The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-29534-3 Sima,
Yazid ibn Hatim al-Muhallabi (913 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
John Alden, ed. (1985). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXVII: The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, A.D. 743–750/A.H. 126–132. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies.
Timeline of the Tang dynasty (1,831 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Eighteen Lectures on Dunhuang, Brill Shaban, M. A. (1979), The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-29534-3 Sima,
Timeline of the Khitans (1,406 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Exotics, University of California Press Shaban, M. A. (1979), The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-29534-3 Sima,
Balqa (region) (4,728 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article
John Alden, ed. (1985). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXVII: The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, A.D. 743–750/A.H. 126–132. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies.
Administrative divisions of the Tang dynasty (3,648 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Eighteen Lectures on Dunhuang, Brill Shaban, M. A. (1979), The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-29534-3 Sima,
Timeline of the Ilkhanate (1,010 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Exotics, University of California Press Shaban, M. A. (1979), The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-29534-3 Sinor
Ibadi theology (3,250 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
abstained from the armed revolt against the Umayyad government until the ʿAbbasid revolution in 127 AH, or 746 CE. In the twenty-first century, atomic theory
Military history of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (5,167 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Exotics, University of California Press Shaban, M. A. (1979), The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-29534-3 Sima,
Timeline of the Chagatai Khanate (1,118 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Exotics, University of California Press Shaban, M. A. (1979), The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-29534-3 Sinor
Timeline of the Golden Horde (1,316 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Exotics, University of California Press Shaban, M. A. (1979), The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-29534-3 Shaikhutdinov
Military history of the Song dynasty (19,142 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
China's Emergence as a Maritime Power Shaban, M. A. (1979), The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-29534-3 Sima,
Timeline of the Ming dynasty (3,487 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Exotics, University of California Press Shaban, M. A. (1979), The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-29534-3 Sinor
History of Tripoli, Lebanon (9,894 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
Byzantines took advantage of the political changes resulted by the Abbasid revolution, by attacking the Islamic regions and occupying Tripoli in 141 AH
Zuṭṭ (3,146 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
Zutt as mercenary soldiers remained stable for some time after the Abbasid revolution and establishment of the Abbasid Caliphate. They still formed part